ArticleViruses2022
Evolutionary and Genetic Recombination Analyses of Coxsackievirus A6 Variants Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Thailand between 2019 and 2022.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances on coxsackievirus A6 vaccine research.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Global epidemiological and aetiological patterns of hand, foot, and mouth disease: a country-level scoping synthesis.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Evolutionary and molecular characteristics of high-Shannon entropy codons in VP1 of Coxsackievirus A6.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Viral shedding dynamics in coxsackievirus A6 hand, foot, and mouth disease: a prospective, individual-level analysis.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Viral shedding dynamics in coxsackievirus A6 hand, foot, and mouth disease: a prospective, individual-level analysis.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Global distribution and evolution of nine major non-polio enteroviruses revealed by genomic data mining.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- A conserved VP1-286 epitope governs neutralization and immune escape in Coxsackievirus A6.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular mechanisms of receptor recognition and antibody neutralization of coxsackievirus A6.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Temporal phylodynamics of Coxsackievirus A6 VP1 in Shenzhen (2022-2024).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Metagenomic analysis and genomic characterization of enterovirus A76 and Norovirus GI.6[P11] co-infection in a patient with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Enterovirus C recombination groups: RNA sequence similarity and the viral polymerase underpin sexual replication mechanisms.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological trends of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children under age 10, Jiangning District, Jiangsu, China (2009-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of enteroviruses associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Jiaxing, China from 2019 to 2022.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular evolution of coxsackievirus A6 associated with atypical hand, foot, and mouth disease in Northern Brazil in 2019.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Transition of D3c branch and novel recombination events contribute to the diversity of Coxsackievirus A6 in Beijing, China, from 2019 to 2023.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- A screening study on the detection strain of Coxsackievirus A6: the key to evaluating neutralizing antibodies in vaccines.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Concurrent Coxsackievirus A6 Infection and Kawasaki Disease: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2024Article
- Genetic diversity and spread of recombinant coxsackievirus A4 in hand, foot, and mouth disease cases in Bangkok, Thailand: 2017-2023.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A review of the recombination events, mechanisms and consequences of Coxsackievirus A6.Infectious medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coxsackievirus (CV)-A6 infections cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and adults. Despite the serious public health threat presented by CV-A6 infections, our understanding of the mechanisms by which new CV-A6 strains emerge remains limited. This study investigated the molecular epidemiological trends, evolutionary dynamics, and recombination characteristics of CV-A6-associated HFMD in Thailand between 2019 and 2022. In the HFMD patient samples collected during the 4-year study period, we identified enterovirus (EV) RNA in 368 samples (48.7%), of which CV-A6 (23.7%) was the predominant genotype, followed by CV-A4 (6%), EV-A71 (3.7%), and CV-A16 (3.4%). According to the partial viral protein (VP) 1 sequences, all these CV-A6 strains belonged to the D3 clade. Based on the viral-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, four recombinant forms (RFs), RF-A (147, 84.5%), RF-N (11, 6.3%), RF-H (1, 0.6%), and newly RF-Y (15, 8.6%), were identified throughout the study period. Results from the similarity plot and bootscan analyses revealed that the 3D polymerase (3Dpol) region of the D3/RF-Y subclade consists of sequences highly similar to CV-A10. We envisage that the epidemiological and evolutionarily insights presented in this manuscript will contribute to the development of vaccines to prevent the spread of CV-A6 infection.
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