ArticleVaccines2023
Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir) Use in Pregnant and Lactating Woman: Current Evidence and Practice Guidelines-A Scoping Review.
Article in Vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Antivirals in Lactating Women with Herpesviridae Infections: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection: a target trial emulation.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Review
- Protecting pregnancy during pandemics: What recent outbreaks teach us.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Birth Outcomes Following Anti-viral Therapy for Treatment of COVID-19 During Pregnancy.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Antiviral Medication Use Among Pregnant and Recently Pregnant US Outpatients.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Preterm Birth and SARS-CoV-2: Does a Correlation Exist?Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Effect of Paxlovid on Skeletal System Morphogenesis in Animal Model Rat (Morphological Study).Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2025Article
- Clinical course and management of COVID-19 in the era of widespread population immunity.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Safety Profile of Paxlovid in the Treatment of COVID-19.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Article
- Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use in patients with COVID-19 on hemodialysis: a case series.Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Oral Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Literature Review with a Focus on Real-World Evidence.Infectious disease reports · 2023Review
- Identification of side effects of COVID-19 drug candidates on embryogenesis using an integrated zebrafish screening platform.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- COVID-19-Omics Report: From Individual Omics Approaches to Precision Medicine.Reports (MDPI) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
COVID-19 virus, since the detection of the first case in Wuhan in 2019, has caused a worldwide pandemic with significant human, economic and social costs. Fortunately, several vaccines and treatments, both IV and oral, are currently approved against the COVID-19 virus. Paxlovid is an oral treatment option for patients with mild-to-moderate disease, and it effectively reduces disease severity in high-risk patients. Paxlovid is an oral antiviral that consists of a combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavi. As an oral medication suitable for outpatient treatment, it reduces the cost, hospitalization and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. The pregnant population is a high-risk category for COVID-19 disease. Given their exclusion in clinical trials, there is limited data regarding Paxlovid use in pregnant and lactating women. Indirect evidence from ritonavir use as part of HAART therapy in the pregnant and lactating population with HIV has shown no significant teratogenicity. Moreover, animal studies on the use of nirmatrelvir do not suggest teratogenicity. This article summarizes the available data on ritonavir and nirmatrelvir use during pregnancy and in ongoing clinical trials. We also review the recommendations of major societies worldwide regarding Paxlovid use in pregnant and breastfeeding patients.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.