Increase in the Immune Response in Balb/c Mice after the Co-Administration of a Vector-Based COVID-19 Vaccine with Cytosine Phosphoguanine Oligodeoxynucleotide.

Divine Ainee Celise, James Kimotho, Josephine W Kimani, Alex Kigundu Muriithi, Eddy Okoth Odari

Open access · goldAbstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 42% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

Liver Safety Assessment of an Indonesian Hexavalent Vaccine Candidate Through Histopathology and ALT/AST Evaluation in Rats and Rabbits.Vaccines · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Divine Ainee CeliseDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0001-7298-5003

James KimothoInnovation and Technology Transfer Division, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.

Josephine W KimaniSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0002-8292-2417

Alex Kigundu MuriithiSchool of Pharmacy, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.

Eddy Okoth OdariSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0002-6151-9274

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology · KEKenya Medical Research Institute · KEPan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation

Funding

African Union, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI). Scholarship

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The effects of cytosine phosphoguanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CPG ODNs) on immune response have been demonstrated for different vaccines; however, such information is limited for the vector-based Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper aims to demonstrate the potential effect of CPG ODNs on immunological response against the vector-based COVID-19 vaccine on Balb/c mice using a JNJ-78436735 Ad26.COV2-S recombinant as a model vaccine. A total of 18 BALB/c mice clustered into six groups were used. All groups were observed for 14- and 28-days post immunization. Qualitative determination of IgG was performed using indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and qPCR for cytokine profiling. A significant (

Indexed as

adjuvantsCpG ODNssevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)viral vector-based vaccine

Identifiers

PMID36679896

DOI10.3390/vaccines11010053

PMCPMC9864427

OpenAlexW4312202373

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.