Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36679718›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2023

Enhanced Message Replication Technique for DTN Routing Protocols.

Siham Hasan, Meisam Sharifi Sani, Saeid Iranmanesh, Ali H Al-Bayatti, Sarmadullah Khan, Raad Raad

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Siham HasanFaculty of Technology, De Montfort University, Gateway House, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6913-7254
Meisam Sharifi SaniSydney International School of Technology and Commerce, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6005-2182
Saeid IranmaneshSydney International School of Technology and Commerce, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9749-7775
Ali H Al-BayattiFaculty of Technology, De Montfort University, Gateway House, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8062-1258
Sarmadullah KhanFaculty of Technology, De Montfort University, Gateway House, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6284-9267
Raad RaadSchool of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2347-4837

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) are networks where there is no immediate connection between the source and the destination. Instead, nodes in these networks use a store-carry-forward method to route traffic. However, approaches that rely on flooding the network with unlimited copies of messages may not be effective if network resources are limited. On the other hand, quota-based approaches are more resource-efficient but can have low delivery rates and high delivery delays. This paper introduces the Enhanced Message Replication Technique (EMRT), which dynamically adjusts the number of message replicas based on a node's ability to quickly disseminate the message. This decision is based on factors such as current connections, encounter history, buffer size history, time-to-live values, and energy. The EMRT is applied to three different quota-based protocols: Spray and Wait, Encounter-Based Routing (EBR), and the Destination-Based Routing Protocol (DBRP). The simulation results show that applying the EMRT to these protocols improves the delivery ratio, overhead ratio, and latency average. For example, when combined with Spray and Wait, EBR, and DBRP, the delivery probability is improved by 13%, 8%, and 10%, respectively, while the latency average is reduced by 51%, 14%, and 13%, respectively.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsComputer Communication NetworksComputer SimulationProbabilityad hoc networkscongestion controldelay-tolerant networkDTN routingnetwork congestionwireless networks

Identifiers

PMID36679718
PMCPMC9862100

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.