ArticlePharmaceutics2023
GelMA, Click-Chemistry Gelatin and Bioprinted Polyethylene Glycol-Based Hydrogels as 3D Ex Vivo Drug Testing Platforms for Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Organoids.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel Systems for Breast Cancer Therapy: Advances in Targeted Delivery and Tumor Microenvironment Modulation.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Patient-Derived Organoids in Functional Precision Oncology: Tumor Modeling, Drug-Response Prediction, and Clinical Translation.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- The evaluation of biological effects of artesunate on ovarian cancer using three-dimensional cell culture methods.Cell and tissue banking · 2026Article
- Bioengineering advances in pancreatic cancer organoids for reproducible tumor microenvironment modeling.iScience · 2026Review
- Extracellular matrix stiffness directs region-specific lung epithelial differentiation revealed by hPSC-derived lung organoids.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Benchmarking Ultra-Low Attachment and Photopatterned GelMA 3D Culture Platforms for Modeling Cancer Stemness in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.Biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- The Evolution of Organoids: From Discovery to Cutting-Edge Applications.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Injectable and viscoelastic click alginate hydrogels for spatio-temporal T cell administration in vivo.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Pathways, Pharmacogenomic Modifiers, and Translational Strategies.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Organoids in cancer therapy: translational applications and clinical promise.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Effects of Eribulin on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Patient-Derived Breast Cancer Cultures and Excised Tissues.Cancers · 2026Article
- Designing the matrix: extracellular matrix-informed strategies for bioengineered cancer models.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Matrix type influences embedded patient-derived osteosarcoma organoid invasion and response to treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Dynamic hydrogel mechanics in organoid engineering: From matrix design to translational paradigms.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Developing Mammary Gland Models for Biomedical Applications.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Review
- 3D bioprinting innovations: a new frontier in breast cancer research.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Dynamic Hydrogels: Adaptive Biomaterials for Engineering Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Click Chemistry-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
3D organoid model technologies have led to the development of innovative tools for cancer precision medicine. Yet, the gold standard culture system (Matrigel®) lacks the ability for extensive biophysical manipulation needed to model various cancer microenvironments and has inherent batch-to-batch variability. Tunable hydrogel matrices provide enhanced capability for drug testing in breast cancer (BCa), by better mimicking key physicochemical characteristics of this disease’s extracellular matrix. Here, we encapsulated patient-derived breast cancer cells in bioprinted polyethylene glycol-derived hydrogels (PEG), functionalized with adhesion peptides (RGD, GFOGER and DYIGSR) and gelatin-derived hydrogels (gelatin methacryloyl; GelMA and thiolated-gelatin crosslinked with PEG-4MAL; GelSH). Within ranges of BCa stiffnesses (1−6 kPa), GelMA, GelSH and PEG-based hydrogels successfully supported the growth and organoid formation of HR+,−/HER2+,− primary cancer cells for at least 2−3 weeks, with superior organoid formation within the GelSH biomaterial (up to 268% growth after 15 days). BCa organoids responded to doxorubicin, EP31670 and paclitaxel treatments with increased IC50 concentrations on organoids compared to 2D cultures, and highest IC50 for organoids in GelSH. Cell viability after doxorubicin treatment (1 µM) remained >2-fold higher in the 3D gels compared to 2D and doxorubicin/paclitaxel (both 5 µM) were ~2.75−3-fold less potent in GelSH compared to PEG hydrogels. The data demonstrate the potential of hydrogel matrices as easy-to-use and effective preclinical tools for therapy assessment in patient-derived breast cancer organoids.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.