ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors Assessment in Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine in Italy from 2017 to 2021
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic diversity, antibiotic resistance, and maturation‑dependent adhesion of F18 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in porcine intestinal cells.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Visual and microscopic lesions of enteritis in slaughtered swine: pathogen identification and antimicrobial resistance implications.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- The Role of Short Journey Transportation in the Spreading of Swine Pathogens and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Assessment of surface-associated bacterial contamination inOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Virulence characteristics and antibiotic resistance analysis of multi-drug resistant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in healthy pigs from Zhejiang Province, China.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of EnterotoxigenicFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The kinetic behavior of matrine in pig intestinal lumen after oral administration and its physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Unveiling Antibiotic Resistance, Clonal Diversity, and Biofilm Formation inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prudent antibiotic use in pigs is critical to ensuring animal health and preventing the development of critical resistance. We evaluated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern in commensal and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates obtained in 2017−2021 from pigs suffering from enteric disorders. Overall, the selected 826 E. coli isolates showed the highest level of resistance to ampicillin (95.9%), tetracycline (89.7%), cefazolin (79.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (74.8%). The resistance rates of the isolates to ampicillin increased (p < 0.05), reaching 99.2% of resistant strains in 2021. Regarding isolates harboring virulence genes, ETEC F18+ were significantly more resistant to florfenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole than ETEC F4+ strains. E. coli lacking virulence factor genes were more resistant to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and cefazolin, but less resistant to gentamicin (p < 0.01) than isolates harboring virulence factors. Throughout the study period, a significant number of ETEC F18+ isolates developed resistance to florfenicol, gentamicin, and kanamycin. Finally, ETEC 18+ significantly (p < 0.05) increased resistance to all the tested antibiotics. In conclusion, AMR varied for E. coli over time and showed high levels for molecules widely administered in the swine industry, emphasizing the need for continuous surveillance. The observed differences in AMR between commensal and ETEC isolates may lead to the hypothesis that plasmids carrying virulence genes are also responsible for AMR in E. coli, suggesting more research on genetic variation between pathogenic and nonpathogenic E. coli.
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