ArticleNutrients2023
D-Limonene Promotes Anti-Obesity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Calorie Diet-Induced Obese Rats by Activating the AMPK Signaling Pathway.
Article in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of celery (Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
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- Low-Dose, Long-TermInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- D-limonene ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by inhibiting the PPARγ/SCD-1 pathway and improving lipid metabolism disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Recent insights in the importance of limonene and its biotransformed value added compounds.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Combination ofPreventive nutrition and food science · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Citrus Species Against Metabolic Syndrome: Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Effects of Essential Oil Inhalation on the Enhancement of Plasma and Liver Lipid Metabolism in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Zingiberaceae in Cardiovascular Health: A review of adipokine modulation and endothelial protection via adipocyte-endothelial crosstalk mechanism.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Adenosine Monophosphate Improves Lipolysis in Obese Mice by Reducing DNA Methylation via ADORA2A Activation by Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (CD73).Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Animal Model Screening for Hyperlipidemic ICR Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Targeting Odorant Receptors in Adipose Tissue with Food-Derived Odorants: A Novel Approach to Obesity Treatment.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Canola Oil Ameliorates Obesity by Suppressing Lipogenesis and Reprogramming the Gut Microbiota in Mice via the AMPK Pathway.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Royal Jelly Exerts a Potent Anti-Obesity Effect in Rats by Activating Lipolysis and Suppressing Adipogenesis.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Effect of Oil-Based Cannabis Extracts on Metabolic Parameters and Microbiota Composition of Mice Fed a Standard and a High-Fat Diet.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Effect ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
D-limonene (LIM) is a common monoterpene compound, principally found in citrus essential oils. This study investigated the anti-obesity effect of LIM on the 5′-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-calorie diet-induced obese rats and confirmed the optimally effective dose of LIM. The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 0.05−0.4 mg/mL LIM for 10 days and oil red O and triglyceride (TG) content were used to determine the levels of lipid accumulation. The results showed that more than 0.05 mg/mL LIM inhibited lipid accumulation by reducing oil red O in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Masses of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL LIM also decreased the TG contents in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. On the other hand, Wistar rats were given high-calorie diets, combined with LLIM (154 mg/kg) and HLIM (1000 mg/kg) treatments, for 16 weeks. The result shows that LLIM and HLIM decreased body weight, total fat tissue weight, and serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLc) levels. HLIM reduced serum TG and increased serum lipase and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLc) levels. Moreover, the anti-obesity metabolic pathway showed that LIM (>0.05 mg/mL) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and LIM (>154 mg/kg) in high-calorie diet-induced obese rats could activate the AMPK signaling pathway. The activated AMPK regulated the mRNA expression related to adipogenesis (PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4), lipogenesis (SREBP-1c, ACC, FAS), and lipolysis (ATGL, HSL) to inhibit obesity. This finding demonstrates that LIM has anti-obesity properties. Namely, it is seen that LIM acts by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-calorie diet-induced obese rats. In terms of dose−response, LIM (154 mg/kg) would be an optimal effective dose for anti-obesity induced by a high-calorie diet.
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