Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36677786›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2023

Characterization of Chia Seeds, Cold-Pressed Oil, and Defatted Cake: An Ancient Grain for Modern Food Production.

Diana Melo Ferreira, Maria Antónia Nunes, Liliana Espírito Santo, Susana Machado, Anabela S G Costa, Manuel Álvarez-Ortí, José E Pardo, Maria Beatriz P P Oliveira, Rita C Alves

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Defatted chia (Current research in food science · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Diana Melo FerreiraLAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-0774-2168
Maria Antónia NunesLAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-9383-3663
Liliana Espírito SantoLAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Susana MachadoLAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-4567-0687
Anabela S G CostaLAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
Manuel Álvarez-OrtíHigher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5759-1580
José E PardoHigher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4335-6475
Maria Beatriz P P OliveiraLAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-6767-6596
Rita C AlvesLAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Street of Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-5053-513X
Universidade do Porto · PTUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing demand for superfoods has resulted in an increase in chia seeds consumption. The reintroduction of this ancient crop in agriculture is useful to ensure food security since it can grow in high-stress conditions. The current study aimed to characterize chia seeds, cold-pressed oil, and defatted cake (the oil extraction by-product) to improve their value and to meet consumer's expectations (low-fat products). Chia seeds presented a significantly higher energy value than cake (444 vs. 284 kcal/100 g, respectively) due to fat removal (33 vs. 7%). The cake showed higher contents of total minerals (6 vs. 5%), protein (27 vs. 18%), and fiber (48 vs. 38%) in comparison to the seeds, and was hence considered a promising food ingredient. The major fatty acid in oil, seeds, and cake was α-linolenic acid (62-66%), and the vitamin E content was 409, 200, and 44 mg/kg, respectively. The major amino acid in the seeds and cake was glutamic acid (49 vs. 36 mg/g). The oil had a low oxidative stability (1 h), and the total phenolics content was 1.3 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g. Chia cake incorporation in food formulations will follow consumer's interests, and the obtained oil can be used to improve the oil supply for different applications. This approach adds value to the concept of "one health" since it includes the culture, the environment, and the consumers.

Indexed as

SalviaSeedsEdible GrainFatty AcidsPlant ExtractsPlant OilsSalvia hispanicaFatty AcidsPlant ExtractsPlant OilsSalvia hispanica seed extractamino acidscold-pressingfatty acidsfood securitynutritional analysisvitamin E

Identifiers

PMID36677786
PMCPMC9863732
OpenAlexW4315648000

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.