ReviewMicromachines2023
Low-Grade Thermal Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensing Based on Thermogalvanic Hydrogels.
Review in Micromachines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional Hydrogel-Based Flexible Thermoelectric Generators: Principles, Mechanism, and Emerging Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A thermo-electrochemical cell with a threaded graphite electrode towards low-grade heat recovery.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Design, Synthesis, and Morphological Behavior of Polymer Gel-Based Materials for Thermoelectric Devices: Recent Progress and Perspectives.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Self-Powered Sensors Based on Ionic Hydrogels.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Exploring the local solvation structure of redox molecules in a mixed solvent for increasing the Seebeck coefficient of thermocells.Chemical science · 2023Article
- Recent Development of Self-Powered Tactile Sensors Based on Ionic Hydrogels.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Performance Study of Portable Semiconductor Refrigeration Device Based on CFD Simulation.Micromachines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Thermoelectric cells (TEC) directly convert heat into electricity via the Seebeck effect. Known as one TEC, thermogalvanic hydrogels are promising for harvesting low-grade thermal energy for sustainable energy production. In recent years, research on thermogalvanic hydrogels has increased dramatically due to their capacity to continuously convert heat into electricity with or without consuming the material. Until recently, the commercial viability of thermogalvanic hydrogels was limited by their low power output and the difficulty of packaging. In this review, we summarize the advances in electrode materials, redox pairs, polymer network integration approaches, and applications of thermogalvanic hydrogels. Then, we highlight the key challenges, that is, low-cost preparation, high thermoelectric power, long-time stable operation of thermogalvanic hydrogels, and broader applications in heat harvesting and thermoelectric sensing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.