ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Eugenol Induces Apoptosis in Tongue Squamous Carcinoma Cells by Mediating the Expression of Bcl-2 Family.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Crocin and eugenol enhance radiosensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via apoptotic pathways and cell cycle regulation. Type of study: in vitro.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Investigating the synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing effects of eugenol derivatives in combination with docetaxel on PC3 human prostate cancer cells.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro-in ovo toxicological screening of silibinin fatty acids conjugates as prodrugs with potential biomedical applications.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Article
- In Vitro Anticancer Potential of Eugenol on Oral Cancer Cell Lines: A Systematic Review.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Review
- New Perspectives about Relevant Natural Compounds for Current Dentistry Research.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Eugenol as a potential adjuvant therapy for gingival squamous cell carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Eugenol: In Vitro and In Ovo Assessment to Explore Cytotoxic Effects on Osteosarcoma and Oropharyngeal Cancer Cells.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is highly aggressive type of cancer for which the available treatment often causes patients severe side effects. Eugenol (Eug) is the major active constituent of clove essential oil and is known to possess antitumor properties. The present study aimed to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of eugenol in SCC-4, tongue squamous carcinoma cells, and also in HGF, human gingival fibroblasts. Both cell lines were treated with five concentrations of Eug (0.1-1 mM) for 72 h. Cellular viability was assessed, followed by cellular morphological evaluation and by staining of the nuclei and cytoskeleton. RT-PCR was conducted in order to find the effect eugenol had on the expression on Bad, Bax, and Bcl-2 genes. Eugenol induced a dose-dependent decrease in viability in both cell lines, with the SCC-4 cells being significantly more affected. HGF cells detached from the plate at the highest concentrations used, while SCC-4 cells changed their morphology in a dose-dependent manner, with rounding, floating cells, and confluency loss being observed. Apoptotic-like signs such as chromatin and actin filaments condensation were clearly seen in SCC-4 cells, while RT-PCR revealed a significantly increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Bad. Therefore, eugenol exerts its cytotoxic effect in tongue squamous cell carcinoma through inducing apoptosis.
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