ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2023
Smear Layer and Debris Removal from Root Canals Comparing Traditional Syringe Irrigation and 3D Cleaning: An Ex Vivo Study.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of the Accuracy of Electronic Apex Locators in Modern Endodontics: An Umbrella Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Influence of intracanal moisture on dentinal tubule infiltration of a calcium silicate-containing resin-based sealer assessed with confocal laser scanning microscopy.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Comparison of rotary NiTi files with ultrasonic irrigation and manual K-files with syringe irrigation in primary molar pulpectomy: A retrospective cohort study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Impact of maintaining apical patency on cleaning potentials of XP-endo Finisher in curved root canals.Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2026Article
- Evaluation of debris and smear layer removal efficacy of different irrigating solutions using the C-RCC irrigation system: AnJournal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of laser and ultrasonic irrigation techniques for smear layer removal in endodontics.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- SEM, confocal Laser, and histological evaluation of traditional and conservative access cavities with and without 3D cleaning: an ex vivo study.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- SEM Analysis and Pulp Tissue Dissolution Following Retrograde Preparation and Irrigation in Surgical Endodontics: A Novel Approach.European endodontic journal · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Irrigation Protocols in Endodontic Therapy: An Umbrella Review.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- In Vitro Evaluation of Bovine Pulp Dissolution Using Dual Rinse HEDP at Different Temperatures.European endodontic journal · 2025Article
- A new cleaning protocol in minimally invasive endodontic surgery: RUA ("retro irrigant activation").Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2025Article
- Micro-CT Analysis of an Abrasive-expanding System of Oval Canal Debridement Capacity: Laboratory Study.European endodontic journal · 2025Article
- An unusual case of dens invaginatus on a mandibular second molar: a case report.Restorative dentistry & endodontics · 2025Article
- Activation of Irrigants in Root Canals with Open Apices: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Pulp regeneration treatment using different bioactive materials in permanent teeth of pediatric subjects.Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2024Review
- Traditional and Recent Root Canal Irrigation Methods and Their Effectiveness: A Review.Clinics and practice · 2023Review
- Retreatability of root canals filled with gutta percha and a novel bioceramic sealer- a scanning electron microscopy study.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Endodontic treatment objectives comprise eliminating or decreasing bacterial load inside the complex endodontic space. Removing the smear layer and debris becomes mandatory to achieve good three-dimensional (3D) cleaning. Aim: This study assesses the difference in smear layer removal using the 3D cleaning technique and traditional syringe needle irrigation. The 3D cleaning technique includes the ultrasonic activation of intracanal-heated NaOCl. Materials and Methods: Our current study used single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth to test the earlier-mentioned technique (n = 30). Initially, an endodontic access cavity was performed. Consequently, specimens were randomly distributed into three study groups according to irrigation protocol. The groups were Group 1, where the traditional syringe needle irrigation system was applied; Group 2, where the 3D cleaning technique was performed; and Group 3, in which teeth remained uncleaned as it was regarded as the control group. Once the experiment was completed, the teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Debris and smear layers were viewed in 1000× magnification and scored. Results: Statistical analysis was performed with a standard statistical software package (SPSS, version 28.0; SPSS IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Data were analyzed with a nonparametric analysis of variance (Kruskal−Wallis ANOVA) among the groups tested and among the thirds of the canals. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) lower mean smear layer and debris score was observed in both study groups compared to the control group. Group 2 showed better results compared to Group 1. Conclusions: The present study concluded that the 3D cleaning technique is an effective irrigation method for removing debris and smear layers. Future research, such as CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) and Histological study, should be employed to confirm this study’s conclusion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.