ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Can Baseline IL-6 Levels Predict Long COVID in Subjects Hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 Disease?
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nebulized glycyrrhizin/enoxolone drug modulates IL-17A in COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- Current status and future perspectives on the mechanistic and pathophysiological understanding of long COVID.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- IL-6 Receptor Antagonists and Severe Post-COVID-19 Outcomes: An Emulated Target Trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Plasma proteomic profile reveals persistent immune activation in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Global and Sex-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study of Long COVID Based on Patient-Driven Symptom Recall.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Inflammatory, fibrotic and endothelial biomarker profiles in COVID-19 patients during and following hospitalization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Herbal and Dietary Supplements as Adjunctive Treatment for Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Italy.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Addressing Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome in Cancer Patients, from Visceral Obesity and Myosteatosis to Systemic Inflammation: Implications in Cardio-Onco-Metabolism.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Article
- Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 colonization and high expression of inflammatory factors in cardiac tissue 6 months after COVID-19 recovery: a prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2024Article
- Lisinopril increases lung ACE2 levels and SARS-CoV-2 viral load and decreases inflammation but not disease severity in experimental COVID-19.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Predictive Role of Cytokine and Adipokine Panel in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Evaluation of Disease Severity, Survival and Lung Sequelae.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Altered Tumor Necrosis Factor Response in Neurologic Postacute SARS-CoV-2 Syndrome.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The immune response to infection plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, but several patients develop a wide range of persistent symptoms, which is becoming a major global health and economic burden. However, reliable indicators are not yet available to predict the persistence of symptoms typical of the so-called long COVID. Our study aims to explore an eventual role of IL-6 levels as a marker of long COVID. Altogether, 184 patients admitted to the COVID Medicine Unit of the University Hospital in Palermo, Italy, from the 1st of September 2020, were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the IL-6 serum levels (normal or elevated), considering the serum IL-6 levels measured during the first four days of hospitalization. In our study, higher serum IL-6 levels were associated with a doubled higher risk of long COVID (OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.04-4.50) and, in particular, they were associated with a higher incidence of mobility decline (OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.08-9.40) and PTSD (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.06-8.61). The analysis of our case series confirmed the prominent role of IL-6 levels in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as predictors not only of COVID-19 disease severity and unfavorable outcomes, but also long COVID development trends.
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Registered trials
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