ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Hydroxychloroquine as an Immunomodulatory and Antithrombotic Treatment in Antiphospholipid Syndrome.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydroxychloroquine and pregnancy outcomes in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.RMD open · 2025Pooled it
- Autoimmune-associated thrombosis: mechanisms, population burden, and prevention strategies.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Review
- Combined Obstetric and Thrombotic Complications Are Associated with Features Suggestive of an Immune-Enriched Phenotype Among Women with Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Anticoagulation, recurrent thrombosis, and major bleeding in antiphospholipid syndrome: UK multicenter observational study.Blood advances · 2026Observational
- Vision-Threatening Juvenile Lupus Retinopathy: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Uncommon clinical presentations and diagnostic difficulties of antiphospholipid syndrome associated withMedical mycology case reports · 2026Article
- Non-thrombotic manifestations in pediatric patients with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. A Mexican tertiary center case series.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Case Report: Recurrent coronary in-stent restenosis as the primary manifestation of non-criteria antiphospholipid syndrome confirmed by anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin IgM antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Platelets in systemic lupus erythematosus: from hemostatic allies to pathogenic drivers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Role of antiphospholipid antibodies in kidney disease: Risk factors, immunopathogenesis, and diagnosis.World journal of nephrology · 2025Review
- Role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome and potential therapeutic targets (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Role of antimalarials in lupus nephritis: a narrative review.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Review
- Activated Complement System's Impact in Antiphospholipid Syndrome Thrombosis: From Pathophysiology to Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Hydroxychloroquine sulfate for IgA nephropathy: mechanisms and therapeutic potential in improving proteinuria and alleviating disease progression - a literature review.BMC nephrology · 2025Review
- A cell-based model to study mechanisms of endothelial-dependent thrombin generation in response to inflammation and its modulation by hydroxychloroquine.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- Novel advances on pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Neurovascular complications of antiphospholipid syndrome: a narrative review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2024Review
- Digital Ulcers and Microvascular Abnormalities Presenting As the Initial Manifestations of Pre-scleroderma.Cureus · 2024Article
- Review
- The Impacts of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Conditions on the Endometrium and Reproductive Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired highly prothrombotic disorder in which thrombo-inflammatory antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) cause thrombosis via multiple mechanisms, including endothelial damage and activation. Obstetric complications in APS are caused by placental thrombosis, inflammation and complement activation. Anticoagulation is poorly effective in some patients especially those with triple positive aPL who are at ~30% risk of thrombosis recurrence within 10 years. Increasing therapeutic anticoagulation intensity may be beneficial but leads to excess bleeding with serious complications, such as intracerebral haemorrhage. Nonetheless, anticoagulation is still the mainstay of treatment despite the autoimmune nature of APS. The antimalarial immunomodulatory drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used for many years for the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. HCQ has complex pleiotropic mechanisms of action upon multiple cell types. The proposed biological processes that HCQ regulates support the hypothesis that it may be a successful adjunctive treatment in the prevention of recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy complications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.