SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Determinants of Outdoor Time in Children and Youth: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Intervention Studies.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Preschool Environment and 24-h Behaviour Movement in Uruguayan Early Childhood: A Compositional Data Analysis.Child: care, health and development · 2026Article
- Examining Daily Associations of Nature Exposure, Body Appreciation, and Physical Activity Among Adolescents.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2026Article
- Associations between parent-child outdoor visits and preschool-aged children's screen time: a cross-sectional study.Journal of activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors · 2025Article
- An analysis of light that reaches the eye surface in an outdoor environment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- 2025 Position statement on active outdoor play.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Review
- The Effects of the Modified LiiNKInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Comparison of pedestrian injury characteristics between preschoolers and early school-aged children in Korea: a cross-sectional study.Journal of trauma and injury · 2025Article
- Nature's Medicine? The Associations of Organized Youth Sport, Unstructured Physical Activity, and Land-Use Recreation with Children's Mental Health, Emotional Control, and Social Well-Being.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Assessment of Determinants of Dietary Vitamin D Intake in a Polish National Sample of Male Adolescents.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Infant Care: Predictors of Outdoor Walking, Infant Carrying and Infant Outdoor Sleeping.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Correlates of Physical Activity in Children from Families Speaking Non-official Languages at Home: a Multi-site Canadian Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spending more time outdoors can improve children's social and cognitive development, physical activity, and vision. Our systematic review summarized the determinants of outdoor time (OT) based on the social-ecological model. We searched nine databases: MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, SocINDEX, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. To be included, studies needed to be quantitative and longitudinal, include ≥1 potential determinant of OT among 0- to 17-year-olds, and be published in English, French, Japanese, or Spanish. We extracted the authors, publication year, country, design, sample size, OT measures, follow-up period, potential determinants, main results, and potential moderators or mediators. Fifty-five studies examining 119 potential determinants met the inclusion criteria. OT was consistently higher in warmer seasons and among participants reporting more OT at baseline. All three interventions that included both parent sessions and additional resources to promote OT (e.g., specific advice and community guides) were effective. COVID-19 restrictions and sun safety interventions discouraging midday outdoor activities led to less OT. The quality of evidence was rated as weak for 46 studies. Most potential determinants were examined in ≤3 studies; thus, more longitudinal studies are needed to enable stronger conclusions about the consistency of evidence and meta-analyses.
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