ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Prevalence of Dry Eye Symptoms and Associated Risk Factors among University Students in Poland.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06876077 (Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Auricular Acupuncture in Improving Dry Eye Symptoms in University Students), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Auricular Acupuncture in Improving Dry Eye Symptoms in University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The Effect of Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drops 2, 4 or 6 Times a Day on Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Trial
- A Randomized Multicenter Study Comparing Low-Viscosity with Comparator 0.3% Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- The prevalence and association between electronic cigarette use and dry eye symptom severity among Palestinian university students: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Experts Perspectives on Current Practices and Challenges of Diagnosis and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease across Europe and Central Asia.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Assessment of the aggregate index of systemic inflammation in dyslipidemia with dry eye disease: a retrospective case-control.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- A comprehensive analysis of dry eye disease clinical trials (2000-2024): research trends and gaps.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic methods for managing dry eyes.World journal of methodology · 2025Article
- A nationwide population-based study on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns of dry eye disease in South Korea.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Electronic device exposure and dry eye symptoms among medical and nonmedical Palestinian university students: a multicenter cross-sectional study of associated factors.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Comparison of SPEED and OSDI questionnaires for dry eye symptom in Chinese college students: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Article
- Leveraging large language models to improve patient education on dry eye disease.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Attitudes and awareness of professionally active people on eye diseases prevention-a descriptive cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of dry eye symptoms and associated risk factors among students at Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq.PloS one · 2025Article
- Improvement of Presbyopia, Dry Eye, Intraocular Pressure, and Near Vision Through Cassiae Tea Consumption.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- The Degrees of Coronary Heart Disease and the Degrees of New-Onset Blepharitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye symptoms (DES) among university students in Poland. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study survey was conducted among 312 Polish university students. The questionnaire consisted of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), the 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) and questions regarding medical history and risk factors. Results: According to the OSDI, more than half of respondents (57.1%) have symptoms of ocular surface disease. Time spent using electronic devices is correlated with scores gathered in both OSDI and DEQ-5 (p < 0.001). There is a statistically significant dependence between psychotropics (p = 0.002), glucocorticosteroids usage (p = 0.026), the presence of depression (p < 0.001), diabetes (p = 0.01) or allergy (p = 0.008) and dry eye symptoms proved in both questionnaires. Respondents with refractive errors and those living in metropolitan areas have a statistically higher symptom intensity(p < 0.022). Stress felt by students is associated with higher DES risk. No correlation between DES and smoking habits was observed. The history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with the severity of DES (p = 0.036). Conclusion: Pathogenesis of DES is multifactorial and its severity depends on several factors, both genetic and environmental. Its prevalence among the young population is underestimated. Determining risk factors will enable the implementation of appropriate prophylaxis and early diagnosis.
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Registered trials
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