Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36673849›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023

Economic Burdens of Uncomplicated Malaria in Primary Health Care (PHC) Facilities of Plateau State, Nigeria: Patients' Perspectives.

Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Nanloh Samuel Jimam, Khang Wen Goh, Ching Siang Tan, Long Chiau Ming

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Nahlah Elkudssiah IsmailMalaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Puchong 47160, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-4274-8581
Nanloh Samuel JimamFaculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia.
Khang Wen GohFaculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-6686-7019
Ching Siang TanSchool of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai 71800, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-5069-3314
Long Chiau MingSchool of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-6971-1383
INTI International University · MYMahsa University · MYNilai University · MYSunway University · MYUniversity of Jos · NG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study aims at evaluating the costs incurred by patients in Primary Healthcare facilities of Plateau State, Nigeria, due to uncomplicated malaria management.

methodsPatients' information on resources used and absence from the labour market due to uncomplicated malaria illness were collected using the self-reported cost of illness instruments across 24 selected Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities in Plateau State. The collated data were used to estimate the direct medical and non-medical costs incurred by patients through the summation of the various costs paid out of pocket for the services; while the indirect cost was estimated using the human capital theory. All analyses were conducted through Microsoft Excel and IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS

resultsThe average direct cost per episode of uncomplicated malaria was estimated at NGN 2808.37/USD 7.39, while the indirect average money equivalence of the time lost due to the ailment was estimated at NGN 2717/USD 7.55, giving an average cost of treating uncomplicated malaria borne by patients in Plateau State per episode to be NGN 5525.37/USD 14.94. The projected annual cost of the disease was NGN 9, 921,671,307.22 (USD 27, 560,198.08).

conclusionsThe study showed substantial financial costs borne by patients due to uncomplicated malaria in Plateau State, comprising 50.83% of direct cost and 49.17% of the indirect cost of medications.

Indexed as

Financial StressMalariaCost of IllnessCosts and Cost AnalysisHealth Care CostsHumansNigeriaPrimary Health Caredirect costshuman capital approachindirect costsprimary health care facilitiesuncomplicated malaria

Identifiers

PMID36673849
PMCPMC9859025
OpenAlexW4313816285

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.