SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Occurrence of Hepatitis A Virus in Water Matrices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Wastewater surveillance of rotavirus, norovirus, and hepatitis a virus in the Middle East and North Africa Region: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Transkingdom Interactions Between Viruses and Bacteria: Implications for Wastewater Treatment Efficiency.Food and environmental virology · 2026Review
- Wastewater-based epidemiology for monitoring enteric viruses: a case study in Valladolid, Spain (2020-2021).Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Detection ofmSphere · 2024Article
- Use of passive samplers as sewage surveillance tool to monitor a hepatitis A outbreak at a school in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Oct 2022 - March 2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Drinking Water Provision and Hepatitis A Incidence in Uzbekistan in 2010-2023.Cureus · 2024Article
- Current perspectives of viral hepatitis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Assessing the Prevalence of Astroviruses in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.ACS ES&T water · 2023Review
- Hepatitis a Vaccine as Opportunity of Primary Prevention for Food Handlers: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis A is a common form of viral hepatitis. It is usually transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food and water. This systematic review was carried out to summarise the overall prevalence of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) in different water matrices: untreated and treated wastewater, surface water, groundwater, drinking water, and others (e.g., irrigation water and floodwater). The literature search was performed in four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, and Excerpta Medica Database. Heterogeneity (I2) was assessed using the χ2 test on the Cochran Q statistic and H parameters. A total of 200 prevalence data from 144 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of HAV in water matrices was 16.7% (95% CI: 13.4−20.3). The prevalence for individual matrix was as follows: 31.4% (95% CI: 23.0−40.4) untreated wastewater, 18.0% (95% CI: 9.5−28.2) treated wastewater, 15.0% (95% CI: 10.1−20.5) surface water, 2.3% (95% CI: 0.1−6.0) in groundwater, 0.3% (95% CI: 0.0−1.7) in drinking water, and 8.5% (95% CI: 3.1−15.6) in other matrices. The prevalence was higher in low-income economies (29.0%). Africa and Eastern Mediterranean were the regions with higher HAV prevalence values. This study showed a high heterogeneity (I2 > 75%) with a significant publication bias (p value Egger test < 0.001). The results of this review suggest that water matrices could be an important route of HAV transmission even in industrialized countries, despite the lower prevalence compared to less industrialized countries, and the availability of advanced water management systems. More effective water/wastewater treatment strategies are needed in developing countries to limit the environmental circulation of HAV.
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