ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Analysis of Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence Images for the Assessment of Bacterial Activity and Distribution of Tongue Coating.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Trends and hotspots in global halitosis research: A bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2025.Medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical and measurement variables affecting halitosis intensity following cysteine challenge test.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Short-term effects of oral dissolving film on halitosis and oral pathogenic bacteria: a pilot non-randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Development of a novel tongue biofilm index using bacterial biofluorescence.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Oral Health and Caries Prevention: How Tongue Hygiene Helps Maintain Balance of Microbiota and Overall Health in Pediatric Patients.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to verify and to validate the correlation between, and validate the assessment of, bacterial activity and the distribution of tongue coating, by analyzing quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) images for the diagnosis of oral malodor. Oral malodor was measured using the Twin Breasor II, and bacterial activity and the distribution of tongue coating were investigated using QLF images. Bacterial activity and the distribution of tongue coating were quantitatively analyzed by dividing the tongue into six areas using the TB01 1.05 software. ROC curves were generated using MedCalc® software to validate the diagnosis of oral malodor, the testing of bacterial activity, and the distribution of tongue coating. Bacterial activity and the distribution of tongue coating showed a very strong association with each other (r = 0.937, p < 0.01), and were significantly higher in the oral malodor group (p < 0.05). The distribution of tongue coating was highly correlated with H2S (r = 0.223, p < 0.01) but not associated with CH3SH. Sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve confirmed the high accuracy of this method in assessing bacterial activity and the distribution of tongue coating in the diagnosis of oral malodor. Since QLF images provide significant accuracy during quantitative analysis in the identification of bacterial activity and the distribution of tongue coating, systematic management of tongue coating and reduced oral malodor can be achieved by actively using QLF images and oral malodor measurement.
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