ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Which Risk Factors and Colposcopic Patterns Are Predictive for High-Grade VAIN? A Retrospective Analysis.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential Analysis of Factors Associated with Vaginal Lesions in Women of Different Age Groups.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Practical Models for Predicting Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Patients within Two years After Conization.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- A novel bivariate nomogram for predicting sequela vaginal lesions after surgery in patients with HPV-associated cervical cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Influence of cervical treatment methods on subsequent vaginal lesions: A study of HPV-related neoplasia.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Article
- Comprehensive evaluation of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia development after hysterectomy: insights into diagnosis and treatment strategies.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Review
- The Editorial of the Special Issue "Diagnosis of Lower Genital Tract Disease".Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Colposcopic patterns of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VAIN) are not definitively related to histological grade. The aim of the present study was to investigate any correlation between clinical and colposcopic features and the development of high-grade VAIN. Two hundred and fifty-five women diagnosed with VAIN (52 VAIN1, 55 VAIN2 and 148 VAIN3) at the European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy, from January 2000 to June 2022, were selected for a retrospective analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the association of risk factors and colposcopic patterns with VAIN grade. Smoking was associated with the development of VAIN (34.1%, p = 0.01). Most women diagnosed with VAIN3 (45.3%, p = 0.02) had a previous history of hysterectomy for CIN2+. At multivariate analysis, colposcopic grade G2 (OR = 20.4, 95%CI: 6.67−61.4, p < 0.001), papillary lesion (OR = 4.33, 95%CI: 1.79−10.5, p = 0.001) and vascularity (OR = 14.4, 95%CI: 1.86−112, p = 0.01) were significantly associated with a greater risk of VAIN3. The risk of high-grade VAIN should not be underestimated in women with a history of smoking and previous hysterectomy for CIN2+, especially when colposcopic findings reveal vaginal lesions characterized by grade 2, papillary and vascular patterns. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for an optimal personalized management, based on risk factors, colposcopic patterns and histologic grade of VAIN.
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