ArticleCells2023
Fresh Medium or L-Cystine as an Effective Nrf2 Inducer for Cytoprotection in Cell Culture.
Article in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Co-Exposure to Temperature and Fine Particulate Matter on Metabolomic and Immune Processes among Chinese Women of Childbearing Age.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Cystine: A Key Protective Factor Against Childhood Hypo-HDL Cholesterolemia and Dyslipidemia-A Matched Case-Control Study.Nutrients · 2026Observational
- Mechanisms of Protection Against Oxidative Stress During Hibernation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- L-cystine alleviates necrotizing enterocolitis by regulating ferroptosis and Th17 cell differentiation via the IL-6/STAT3 pathway.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Identification of Food-Derived Electrophilic Chalcones as Nrf2 Activators Using Comprehensive Virtual Screening Techniques.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Regulatory effects of Poria cocos polysaccharides on gut microbiota and metabolites: evaluation of prebiotic potential.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- Effect of Media Composition and Oxygen Tension on Cellular Stress Response and Nrf2 Activation in HepG2ARE Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Propolis mitigates busulfan-induced testicular dysfunction in rats: insights into redox stabilization, PCNA modulation, and caspase-3 inhibition.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Strategies: Relationships and Cellular Pathways for Human Health.Cells · 2024Article
- Signature analysis of high-throughput transcriptomics screening data for mechanistic inference and chemical grouping.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Regulation of Sacha Inchi protein on fecal metabolism and intestinal microorganisms in mice.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Nrf2 gene encodes a transcription factor best known for regulating the expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes. A long list of small molecules has been reported to induce Nrf2 protein via Keap1 oxidation or alkylation. Many of these Nrf2 inducers exhibit off-target or toxic effects due to their nature as electrophiles. In searching for non-toxic Nrf2 inducers, we found that a culture medium change to fresh DMEM is capable of inducing Nrf2 protein in HeLa, HEK293, AC16 and MCF7 cells. Testing the components of DMEM led to the discovery of L-Cystine as an effective Nrf2 inducer. L-Cystine induces a dose-dependent increase of Nrf2 protein, from 0.1 to 1.6 mM. RNA-seq analyses and RT-PCR revealed an induction of multiple Nrf2 downstream genes, including NQO1, HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM, SRXN1, TXNRD1, AKR1C and OSGIN1 by 0.8 mM L-Cystine. The induction of Nrf2 protein was dependent on L-Cystine entering cells via the cystine/glutamate antiporter and the presence of Keap1. The half-life of Nrf2 protein increased from 19.4 min to 30.9 min with 0.8 mM L-Cystine treatment. L-Cystine was capable of eliciting cytoprotection by reducing ROS generation and protecting against oxidant- or doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. As an amino acid derivative, L-Cystine is considered a non-toxic Nrf2 inducer that exhibits the potential for protection against oxidative stress and tissue injury.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.