ArticleCells2023
Activation of β2-Adrenergic Receptors in Microglia Alleviates Neuropathic Hypersensitivity in Mice.
Article in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beta 2-adrenergic pathway combats Alzheimer's disease: Restoring cognition and synaptic integrity.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Article
- Modulation of Glutamate Release by Dexmedetomidine Preserves Dendritic Spines and Alleviates Cognitive Impairment in a Murine Model of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Guanfacine and HCN channels: bridging neuroinflammation and prefrontal cortex function in autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Hyperglycemia impairs microglia responding to retinal vasculopathy via enhanced norepinephrine-ADRB2 signaling.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Cellular Communication Networks Mediated by Microglia in Ischemic Stroke.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Adrenergic Control of P2Y6 Receptor-Dependent Phagocytosis in Rodent and Human Microglia.Glia · 2025Article
- Formoterol alters chemokine expression and ameliorates pain behaviors after moderate spinal cord injury in female mice.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective effects of phenylacetylglycine via β2AR on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- Formoterol dynamically alters endocannabinoid tone in the periaqueductal gray inducing headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Carvedilol attenuates inflammatory reactions of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells and modulates M1/M2 polarization of microglia via regulating NLRP3, Notch, and PPAR-γ signaling pathways.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Disease phenotypic screening in neuron-glia cocultures identifies blockers of inflammatory neurodegeneration.iScience · 2024Article
- Temporal changes of spinal microglia in murine models of neuropathic pain: a scoping review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Neuropathic pain; what we know and what we should do about it.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drugs enhancing the availability of noradrenaline are gaining prominence in the therapy of chronic neuropathic pain. However, underlying mechanisms are not well understood, and research has thus far focused on α2-adrenergic receptors and neuronal excitability. Adrenergic receptors are also expressed on glial cells, but their roles toward antinociception are not well deciphered. This study addresses the contribution of β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) to the therapeutic modulation of neuropathic pain in mice. We report that selective activation of β2-ARs with Formoterol inhibits pro-inflammatory signaling in microglia ex vivo and nerve injury-induced structural remodeling and functional activation of microglia in vivo. Systemic delivery of Formoterol inhibits behaviors related to neuropathic pain, such as mechanical hypersensitivity, cold allodynia as well as the aversive component of pain, and reverses chronically established neuropathic pain. Using conditional gene targeting for microglia-specific deletion of β2-ARs, we demonstrate that the anti-allodynic effects of Formoterol are primarily mediated by microglia. Although Formoterol also reduces astrogliosis at late stages of neuropathic pain, these functions are unrelated to β2-AR signaling in microglia. Our results underline the value of developing microglial β2-AR agonists for relief from neuropathic pain and clarify mechanistic underpinnings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.