ReviewBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Bone Healing Gone Wrong: Pathological Fracture Healing and Non-Unions-Overview of Basic and Clinical Aspects and Systematic Review of Risk Factors.
Review in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fracture healing: from molecular and cellular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- 3D-Printed biodegradable and multifunctional cranial device for bone repair and healing assessment.Science advances · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers Following Orthopedic Surgery: Current Evidence, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells' bone repair capacity via osteogenic lineage differentiation in experimental nonunion fractures.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Histopathological Analysis of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Osteogenic Derivatives in Promoting Bone Regeneration in a Model of Fracture Nonunion.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2026Article
- Macrophage metabolism directs regenerative versus fibrotic healing through BMP signaling in the mouse digit tip.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Surgically Treated Non-Unions and Fractures of the Femur and Tibia in Adults: A Nationwide Analysis of 888,442 Cases from the German InEK Database.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- The Osteoimmunologic Basis of Biologic and Bioengineered Scaffolds in Fracture Healing.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanisms underlying the role of TNF-α and IL-1β preconditioned exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in wound healing.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multimodal mechanisms of platelet-rich plasma in bone defect repair: Angiogenesis, inflammation modulation, and metabolic regulation.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Focused shock wave therapy (ESWT) and electromagnetic transduction therapy (EMTT) may improve post-operative bone healing in selective foot and ankle surgeries: a case-control pilot study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Original Locking Rod System Designed for Diaphyseal Fractures of Long Bones.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Efficacy of biomarkers in the endochondral phase of fracture repair and healing in long bones: A clinical observational studys.PLoS medicine · 2025Observational
- The Genetic and Biological Basis of Pseudoarthrosis in Fractures: Current Understanding and Future Directions.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Osteoprogenitor cells from non-regenerative bone show greater resistance to cellular stress than those from regenerative bone.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Comparison of Three Internal Fixation Constructs for AO/OTA 33-A3 Distal Femoral Fractures: A Biomechanical Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Temporary circular external fixation for effective management of bilateral radial non-union in a Toy Poodle.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Radiologic and histopathologic effects of favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine on fracture healing in rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- Nanoparticles in Bone Regeneration: A Narrative Review of Current Advances and Future Directions in Tissue Engineering.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bone healing is a multifarious process involving mesenchymal stem cells, osteoprogenitor cells, macrophages, osteoblasts and -clasts, and chondrocytes to restore the osseous tissue. Particularly in long bones including the tibia, clavicle, humerus and femur, this process fails in 2-10% of all fractures, with devastating effects for the patient and the healthcare system. Underlying reasons for this failure are manifold, from lack of biomechanical stability to impaired biological host conditions and wound-immanent intricacies. In this review, we describe the cellular components involved in impaired bone healing and how they interfere with the delicately orchestrated processes of bone repair and formation. We subsequently outline and weigh the risk factors for the development of non-unions that have been established in the literature. Therapeutic prospects are illustrated and put into clinical perspective, before the applicability of biomarkers is finally discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.