ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
National Disparities in Antibiotic Prescribing by Race, Ethnicity, Age Group, and Sex in United States Ambulatory Care Visits, 2009 to 2016.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of antibiotic prescription pattern and appropriateness in paediatric care in Ghana: a generalized estimating equation approach.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Neighborhood Deprivation, Antibiotic Prescribing Concordance, and 30-Day Outcomes After Emergency Department Encounters in Older Adults.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- "Actionable" risk for preterm birth: patterns and prediction in California singleton births 2016-2020.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Assessing the association between elements of health inequalities and the risk of bacterial infection in high-income countries: a systematic scoping review.Access microbiology · 2026Review
- Clinical factors and diagnoses associated with inappropriate urine culture ordering in primary care.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
- Real-world impact of point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2 in an ambulatory setting of an integrated health network.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Assessing Disparities in Inappropriate Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions in Tennessee.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Guideline-Concordant Antibiotic Use in Children With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Hospital pediatrics · 2025Article
- Racial Disparities in Utilization of Medications and Disease Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2025Article
- Guideline-concordant antibiotic prescribing for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) due to drug-resistant pathogens in theJournal of clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Efficacy of priming and commitment posters on urgent care patients' antibiotic expectations and knowledge: a cluster randomized trial.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Diversity and Characteristics of the Oral Microbiome Associated with Self-Reported Ancestral/Ethnic Groups.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Diversity and characteristics of the oral microbiome influenced by race and ethnicity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Variations in antibiotic prescribing among children enrolled in North Carolina Medicaid, 2013-2019.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2024Article
- Impact of an antibiotic stewardship initiative on urgent-care respiratory prescribing across patient race, ethnicity, and language.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2024Article
- Factors Associated With Higher Utilization of Outpatient Physical Therapy for Patients Who Have Undergone Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study.HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2024Article
- Article
- Quantifying Health Outcome Disparity in Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection using Fairness Algorithms on Real-World Data.Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing · 2024Article
- Infectious Inequity: How the Gut Microbiome and Social Determinants of Health May Contribute to Clostridioides difficile Infection Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Next Steps in Ambulatory Stewardship.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While efforts have been made in the United States (US) to optimize antimicrobial use, few studies have explored antibiotic prescribing disparities that may drive future interventions. The objective of this study was to evaluate disparities in antibiotic prescribing among US ambulatory care visits by patient subgroups. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study utilizing the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2009 to 2016. Antibiotic use was described as antibiotic visits per 1000 total patient visits. The appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing was determined by ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes assigned during the visit. Subgroup analyses were conducted by patient race, ethnicity, age group, and sex. Over 7.0 billion patient visits were included; 11.3% included an antibiotic prescription. Overall and inappropriate antibiotic prescription rates were highest in Black (122.2 and 78.0 per 1000) and Hispanic patients (138.6 and 79.8 per 1000). Additionally, overall antibiotic prescription rates were highest in patients less than 18 years (169.6 per 1000) and female patients (114.1 per 1000), while inappropriate antibiotic prescription rates were highest in patients 18 to 64 years (66.0 per 1000) and in males (64.8 per 1000). In this nationally representative study, antibiotic prescribing disparities were found by patient race, ethnicity, age group, and sex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.