Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36670818›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2023

3Rs Principle and Legislative Decrees to Achieve High Standard of Animal Research.

Paolo Verderio, Mara Lecchi, Chiara Maura Ciniselli, Bjorn Shishmani, Giovanni Apolone, Giacomo Manenti

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. A novelParasitology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Clausena harmandiana root extract ameliorates AβBMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. The 3Rs in Experimental Liver Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Paolo VerderioUnit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9231-1281
Mara LecchiUnit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0405-9339
Chiara Maura CiniselliUnit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4488-885X
Bjorn ShishmaniUnit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Giovanni ApoloneScientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Giacomo ManentiUnit of Animal Health and Welfare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Animal experimentation is a vast ecosystem that tries to make different issues such as legislative, ethical and scientific coexist. Research in animal experimentation has made many strides thanks to the 3Rs principle and the attached legislative decrees, but for this very reason, it needs to be evenly implemented both among the countries that have adhered to the decrees and among the team members who design and execute the experimental practice. In this article, we emphasize the importance of the 3Rs principle's application, with a particular focus on the concept of Reduction and related key aspects that can best be handled with the contribution of experts from different fields.

Indexed as

3Rs principleanimal welfarein vivo experimentsreductionrefinementreplacement

Identifiers

PMID36670818
PMCPMC9854901

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.