ArticleParasites & vectors2023
A new WHO bottle bioassay method to assess the susceptibility of mosquito vectors to public health insecticides: results from a WHO-coordinated multi-centre study.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents for preventing mosquito bites: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EBioMedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the attrition, fabric integrity and insecticidal durability of two dual active ingredient nets (InterceptorMalaria journal · 2023Trial
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- Current Knowledge on Insecticide Resistance inInsects · 2026Review
- Acaricidal activity of small molecule antagonists of the tick kinin receptor against Rhipicephalus microplus acaricide-susceptible and resistant strains.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Modified cone bioassay methods for evaluating chlorfenapyr indoor residual spray.MalariaWorld journal · 2026Article
- Malaria incidence rose following the introduction of neonicotinoid-based IRS in selected districts in northern Ghana: An observational analysis.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Susceptibility ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Insecticidal Potential ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Susceptibility of the invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi in Ethiopia to novel chemical insecticides and insect growth regulator.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The β-triketone, nitisinone, kills insecticide-resistant mosquitoes through cuticular uptake.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Association of knockdown resistance mutations with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector in Cameroon.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Influence of genetic factors of humans, mosquitoes and parasites, on the evolution of Plasmodium falciparum infections, malaria transmission and genetic control methods: a review of the literature.BMC medical genomics · 2025Review
- Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to spinosad larvicide and space spray adulticides in Brazil.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- The effect of novel mosquito bite prevention tools on Anopheles minimus landing and key secondary endpoints: semi-field evaluations in Thailand.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi against novel insecticides in Eastern Ethiopia.Research square · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploring sources of inaccuracy and irreproducibility in the CDC bottle bioassay through direct insecticide quantification.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Identifying suitable methods for evaluating the sterilizing effects of pyriproxyfen on adult malaria vectors: a comparison of the oviposition and ovary dissection methods.Malaria journal · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
35 authors at 20 institutions in 18 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe continued spread of insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors of malaria and arboviral diseases may lead to operational failure of insecticide-based interventions if resistance is not monitored and managed efficiently. This study aimed to develop and validate a new WHO glass bottle bioassay method as an alternative to the WHO standard insecticide tube test to monitor mosquito susceptibility to new public health insecticides with particular modes of action, physical properties or both.
methodsA multi-centre study involving 21 laboratories worldwide generated data on the susceptibility of seven mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto [An. gambiae s.s.], Anopheles funestus, Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles minimus and Anopheles albimanus) to seven public health insecticides in five classes, including pyrethroids (metofluthrin, prallethrin and transfluthrin), neonicotinoids (clothianidin), pyrroles (chlorfenapyr), juvenile hormone mimics (pyriproxyfen) and butenolides (flupyradifurone), in glass bottle assays. The data were analysed using a Bayesian binomial model to determine the concentration-response curves for each insecticide-species combination and to assess the within-bioassay variability in the susceptibility endpoints, namely the concentration that kills 50% and 99% of the test population (LC
resultsOverall, about 200,000 mosquitoes were tested with the new bottle bioassay, and LC
conclusionOur findings, based on the largest susceptibility dataset ever produced on mosquitoes, showed that the new WHO bottle bioassay is adequate for evaluating mosquito susceptibility to new and promising public health insecticides currently deployed for vector control. The datasets presented in this study have been used recently by the WHO to establish 17 new insecticide discriminating concentrations (DCs) for either Aedes spp. or Anopheles spp. The bottle bioassay and DCs can now be widely used to monitor baseline insecticide susceptibility of wild populations of vectors of malaria and Aedes-borne diseases worldwide.
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