ArticleBMC psychiatry2023
The indirect role of orthorexia nervosa and eating attitudes in the association between perfectionism and muscle dysmorphic disorder in Lebanese male University students - results of a pilot study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cross-sectional relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and perfectionism: a meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Multidimensional perfectionism and orthorexia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2024Pooled it
- The Moderating Effect of Focused Eating Between Body Dysmorphic Concerns and Eating Attitudes in Lebanese Dietitians.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Dietary Behaviors and Mental Health Disorders Among Private University Students in Dhaka North City Corporation, Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Exploration of the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion and Mindfulness on Orthorexia Nervosa and Perfectionism.Psychological reports · 2026Article
- The Burden of the Perfect Frame: A Scoping Review on Personality and Muscle Dysmorphia.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The muscle dysmorphia-eating disorders link as a public health concern: an epidemiological study of symptom dimensions and social isolation.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- How culture and environment reshape the adoption and effectiveness of wearable diet monitoring in university students: an extended KANO-TAM-SEM model study using Taiwan as an example.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa and association with mental health among Palestinian physical education students - cross sectional study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Factors influencing mental health outcomes among university students: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Orthorexia nervosa in dietitians and dietetics students-prevalence, risk factors, and interventions: a scoping review using a systematic approach.Nutrition reviews · 2025Article
- Profile of maladaptive and normative eating behaviors in correlation with rumination: a cross-sectional study among Lebanese adults.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2025Article
- Investigating the structure of disordered eating symptoms in adult men: A network analysis.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2025Article
- Muscle Dysmorphia in Gym-Going Men: The Role of Narcissism Vulnerability and Perfectionism.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2024Article
- Moderating effect of self-esteem between perfectionism and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder among Lebanese adults.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Big Three Perfectionism Scale-Short Form (BTPS-SF) in a community sample of adults.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe literature highly concentrates on disorders related to body image among women but only minimally when it comes to the male population; hence, in order to provide general practitioners, and primary care physicians in general, and psychiatrists in particular, with additional information concerning muscle dysmorphia among male university students in Lebanon, this study seemed essential, and was therefore conducted to (1) identify the prevalence of MDD, and (2) evaluate the indirect effect of eating attitudes in general and orthorexia nervosa in particular, in the association between perfectionism and muscle dysmorphic disorder (MDD) among a sample of male university students.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study conducted between September 2021 and May 2022, 396 male university students from multiple universities in Lebanon filled the online Arabic questionnaire.
resultsThe results showed that 26 (6.6%) of the participants had MDD. Orthorexia nervosa and eating attitudes mediated the association between perfectionism and MDD; higher perfectionism was significantly associated with higher ON and more inappropriate eating; higher ON and more inappropriate eating were significantly associated with higher MDD, whereas perfectionism had a significant total direct effect on MDD. The high prevalence of MDD among male university students in Lebanon implies further investigation on the national level in the country.
conclusionAwareness campaigns among the university students could be adopted at the national level to increase the level of knowledge on the concepts of obsessive self-destructive perfectionism, orthorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia.
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