ReviewNature protocols2023
A dynamic DNA tetrahedron framework for active targeting.
Review in Nature protocols, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures: A Structural-Family-Aware Review from Computational Design and Biological Stability to Translational Nanomedicine.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid Delivery of miR-210-3p Promotes Femoral Bone Regeneration Through EFNA3/AKT/STAT3-Mediated Immunomodulation.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Triple-amplified sequential activation allosteric DNA biosensor forRSC advances · 2026Article
- A programmable DNA tetrahedron platform for selective and efficient capture of cells and proteins.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Synergistic regulation of hDPSC-iPSCs by tetrahedral DNA nanostructures for dentin-pulp complex regeneration.Stem cells translational medicine · 2026Article
- Intracellular logic computing with DNA tetrahedron processors enables precision cancer theranostics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure-Based Biomimetic Nanovesicles Attenuate Sepsis-Associated ARDS by Suppressing Glycolysis via the BMAL1/PFKFB3 Axis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Dephosphorylation-regulated MNAzyme-PER cascade as a programmable converter for multi-task molecular actuation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- High-throughput screening of EGFR/CaJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- A surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor based on tetrahedral DNA-Ag@4-ATP nanostructures for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Article
- A DNA Tetrahedron Delivery Asiatic Acid to Reprogram Mitochondrial Metabolism for Promoting Bone Regeneration via STAT3 Phosphorylation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Targeted Inhibition of P. gingivalis OMV-derived TsRNA by tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promotes periodontal regeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Machine learning-powered single-molecule cancer diagnosis using DNA origami tags.Science advances · 2026Article
- A Dynamic DNA Nano-Antioxidant Targeting Galectin-3 Attenuates Liver Fibrosis via Reducing Macrophage Oxidative Stress.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Advances in Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids (tFNAs) for Lung Injury Repair: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Applications, and Future Directions.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Topology Determines DNA Origami Diffusion in Intestinal Mucus.Nano letters · 2025Article
- Tetrahedral DNA dendritic nanostructure-enhanced FISH for high-speed, sensitive spatial transcriptomics.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Engineering DNA Origami Captors for TGFβ1 Sequestration to Enhance Tumor Immune Modulation and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Fluorescent sensing of tsRNA by silver nanoclusters with exponential amplification-mediated DNA tetrahedron.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An active targeting strategy-enabled DNA tetrahedron delivery vehicle could facilitate stable drug encapsulation and stimuli-responsive on-demand release, building a universal platform for different drug delivery requirements. Owing to the excellent biocompatible nature, programmability and remarkable cell and tissue permeability, the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) has proven its value in the delivery of various bioactive molecules. We previously described this as a static multifunctional complex in our earlier protocol. However, static structures and passive targeting behavior might introduce off-target effects under complicated biological conditions. Therefore, in this Protocol Extension, we present a major update of the TDN delivery vehicle enabling an active targeting strategy to be used for stimuli-sensitive conformation changes and on-site cargo release, which could avoid drawbacks, including complex and time-consuming fabrication processes and undetermined cell penetration ability of other DNA-based delivery vehicles. Upon exquisite design of TDN size based on cargo type, one-pot annealing is applied to fabricate the Tiamat-designed TDN exoskeleton. Then the design of the dynamic DNA apparatus can be based on the target and environmental stimuli, including DNA strand hybridization-based and pH-sensitive DNA apparatus, and careful titration of strand lengths and mismatches is achieved using polyacrylamide and agarose gel electrophoresis, or fluorophore modifications. Finally, cargo loading strategies are designed, including site and stand titration and cargo encapsulation verification. The dynamic structures show promising targetability and effectiveness in antitumor and anti-inflammatory treatment in vitro and in vivo. Assembly and characterization in the lab takes ~5 d, and the timing for the verification of biostability and biological applications depends on the uses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.