ArticleCommunications medicine2023
Biomedical consequences of elevated cholesterol-containing lipoproteins and apolipoproteins on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes.
Article in Communications medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Sustained estimated VLDL-C exposure is associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and foam cell dysfunction: evidence from prospective cohorts andJournal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2026Article
- A population-based study of the sex-specific associations between apolipoprotein B and incidence of atrial fibrillation.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- The Role of Fish Oil in Modulating Metabolic Disorders: Implications for Cardiovascular Health, Endothelial Dysfunction Biomarkers, and Hypercholesterolemia.International journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with cardiovascular outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- A sex-specific genome-wide association study of blood lipid levels in All of Us.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Understanding lipidomics associations and the lipoprotein-related caveats in population epidemiology.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Adipose tissue ageing: implications for metabolic health and lifespan.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Associations between carotid artery intima-media thickness, traditional risk factors and proteins.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2025Article
- NLRP3 Inflammasome Triggers Inflammation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Current molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Green Radish Polysaccharides Ameliorate Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mice via Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production and Gut Microbiota Regulation.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- To explore the causal association between the serum lipid profile and inflammatory bowel disease using bidirectional Mendelian randomisation analysis.eGastroenterology · 2024Article
- Observational
- Distinct metabolomic and lipidomic profiles in serum samples of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Potential Advantages of a Well-balanced Nutrition Regimen for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type -1.Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment · 2024Article
- NAFLD and AATD Are Two Diseases with Unbalanced Lipid Metabolism: Similarities and Differences.Biomedicines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigher concentrations of cholesterol-containing low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The association of LDL-C with non-CVD traits remains unclear, as are the possible independent contributions of other cholesterol-containing lipoproteins and apolipoproteins.
methodsNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the cholesterol content of high density (HDL-C), very low-density (VLDL-C), intermediate-density (IDL-C), as well as low-density lipoprotein fractions, the apolipoproteins Apo-A1 and Apo-B, as well as total triglycerides (TG), remnant-cholesterol (Rem-Chol) and total cholesterol (TC). The causal effects of these exposures were assessed against 33 outcomes using univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR).
resultsThe majority of cholesterol containing lipoproteins and apolipoproteins affect coronary heart disease (CHD), carotid intima-media thickness, carotid plaque, C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood pressure. Multivariable MR indicated that many of these effects act independently of HDL-C, LDL-C and TG, the most frequently measured lipid fractions. Higher concentrations of TG, VLDL-C, Rem-Chol and Apo-B increased heart failure (HF) risk; often independently of LDL-C, HDL-C or TG. Finally, a subset of these exposures associated with non-CVD traits such as Alzheimer's disease (AD: HDL-C, LDL-C, IDL-C, Apo-B), type 2 diabetes (T2DM: VLDL-C, IDL-C, LDL-C), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD: LDL-C, IDL-C).
conclusionsThe cholesterol content of a wide range of lipoprotein and apolipoproteins associate with measures of atherosclerosis, blood pressure, CRP, and CHD, with a subset affecting HF, T2DM, AD and IBD risk. Many of the observed effects appear to act independently of LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG, supporting the targeting of lipid fractions beyond LDL-C for disease prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.