ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2023
Time-varying association of acute and post-acute COVID-19 with new-onset diabetes mellitus among hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- New onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes post-COVID-19 infection: a systematic review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Pooled it
- Association of COVID-19 infection and the risk of new incident diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 infection as a trigger of type 2 diabetes in adults: a population-based cohort study in Sweden using a double negative control design.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Time-Varying Association of Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19 With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2026Article
- Does Ongoing Inflammation in Recovered COVID-19 Disease Aggravates Preexistent Diabetes Mellitus or Unmasks New-onset Diabetes Mellitus? A Single-center Experience of 800 Cases at 6-month Follow-up.Annals of African medicine · 2025Observational
- Post-COVID Metabolic Fallout: A Growing Threat of New-Onset and Exacerbated Diabetes.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Diabetes Mellitus, Energy Metabolism, and COVID-19.Endocrine reviews · 2024Review
- Identification of distinct phenotypes and improving prognosis using metabolic biomarkers in COVID-19 patients.Critical care science · 2024Article
- Diabetes Mellitus after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Epidemiological Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPrevious studies have shown disruption of glycometabolic control and new diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis among patients with COVID-19. It is still unclear how the association of COVID-19 and new-onset DM may be modified by disease severity or vary over time, during acute and post-acute phases. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsIn this retrospective matched cohort study, 157 936 patients with COVID-19 (aged ≥25 years, diagnosis date between March 01, 2020 and August 31, 2021) were compared with individuals without COVID-19, separately for non-hospitalized, hospitalized, and severe hospitalized patients. Stratified Cox proportional hazards models, with changing baseline time (starting at the date of COVID-19 diagnosis, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months afterwards), were used to evaluate the occurrence of new DM in relation to COVID-19 infection in different time frames-from each landmark date until end of study.
resultsDuring mean follow-up time of 10.9 months, there were 1145 (0.72%) new diagnoses of DM compared with 1013 (0.64%) in the individuals without COVID-19 (p=0.004). Non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were not at higher risk of new DM neither during the acute phase nor afterward. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had a higher risk of developing DM, with the highest risk among severe hospitalized patients. This risk among hospitalized patients was highest in the acute phase (HR 2.47 (95% CI 1.86 to 3.29)), attenuated over time, but remained significant at 4-month landmark analysis (HR 1.60 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.29)).
conclusionsAcute and post-acute COVID-19 were associated with new DM only among hospitalized patients, with the highest risk among those hospitalized with severe disease. Those patients should be followed and monitored post-discharge for new DM. Patients who were not hospitalized did not have higher risk of new-onset DM.
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