ArticleThe Lancet. Public health2023
Psychiatric disorders and reoffending risk in individuals with community sentences in Sweden: a national cohort study.
Article in The Lancet. Public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Personality disorders, violence and antisocial behaviour: updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2025Pooled it
- Mental and physical health morbidity among people in prisons: an umbrella review.The Lancet. Public health · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Structured psychiatric care and psychosocial support during placebo participation: association with violent and domestic-violence offending in the ReINVEST trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Change in Clinical Risk Factors During Stay and Treatment in a Penitentiary Psychiatric Center.International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology · 2025Article
- Cognitive dysfunction-an under looked avenue to promote health in incarcerated elderly population through yoga.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Clinical phenotypes of psychosis and reoffending risk among justice-involved adolescents: a population-based cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Empathy deficit in male patients with schizophrenia and its relationships with impulsivity and premeditated violence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Prevalence of mental disorders amongst inmates receiving psychopharmacological treatment at Zuera prison.Revista espanola de sanidad penitenciariaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCommunity sentences are widely used in many countries, often comprising the majority of criminal justice sanctions. Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent in community-sentenced populations and are thus potential targets for treatment interventions designed to reduce reoffending. We examined the association between psychiatric disorders and reoffending in a national cohort of individuals given community sentences in Sweden, with use of a sibling control design to account for unmeasured familial confounding.
methodsWe did a longitudinal cohort study of 82 415 individuals given community sentences between Nov 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 2013, in Sweden using data from population-based registers. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for any reoffending and violent reoffending with Cox regression models. We compared community-sentenced siblings with and without psychiatric disorders to control for potential familial confounding. Additionally, we calculated population attributable fractions to assess the contribution of psychiatric disorders to reoffending behaviours. The primary outcomes of the study were any (general) reoffending and violent reoffending.
findingsBetween Nov 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 2013, those given community sentences who were diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder had an increased reoffending risk in men (adjusted HR 1·59, 95% CI 1·56-1·63 for any reoffending; 1·60, 1·54-1·66 for violent reoffending) and women (1·71, 1·61-1·82 for any reoffending; 2·19, 1·88-2·54 for violent reoffending). Risk estimates remained elevated after adjustment for familial confounding. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders, personality disorders, and substance use disorders had stronger associations with violent reoffending than did other psychiatric disorders. Assuming causality, the adjusted population attributable risk of psychiatric disorders on violent reoffending was 8·3% (95% CI 6·6-10·0) in the first 2 years of community follow-up in men and 30·9% (22·7-39·0) in women.
interpretationPsychiatric disorders were associated with an increased risk of any reoffending and violent reoffending in the community-sentenced population. The magnitude of the association between psychiatric disorders and reoffending varied by individual diagnosis. Substance use disorders had the highest absolute and relative risks. Most of the increased risk for any reoffending in individuals with psychiatric disorders could be attributed to comorbid substance misuse. Given their high prevalence, substance use disorders should be the focus of treatment programmes in community-sentenced populations.
fundingWellcome Trust.
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