ArticlePloS one2023
Increased Angiopoietin-1 and -2 levels in human vitreous are associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- MicroRNA Profiles Targeting Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2, and TEK Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-2 Genes Associated with Angiogenesis in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Does the Efficacy, Durability, and Safety of Faricimab for Diabetic Macular Edema in Randomized Trials Translate into Real-World Settings?Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Inflammatory mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy: pathogenic roles and therapeutic perspectives.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Effects of regular, glulisine, and aspart insulin on vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensinogen expression in hyperglycemic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs).Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Changes in Aqueous Angiopoietin-1/2 Concentrations During the Induction Phase of Intravitreal Faricimab Injections for Diabetic Macular Edema.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Insights to Ang/Tie signaling pathway: another rosy dawn for treating retinal and choroidal vascular diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Short-Term Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Following a Therapy Switch to Faricimab.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Beyond VEGF: Angiopoietin-Tie Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The Role ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Galectin-1 correlates with inflammatory markers and T regulatory cells in children with type 1 diabetes and/or celiac disease.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Elevated CSF angiopoietin-2 correlates with blood-brain barrier leakiness and markers of neuronal injury in early Alzheimer's disease.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic retinopathy is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of blindness in adults. The objective of this study was to elucidate the diabetic retinopathy pathophysiology in more detail by comparing protein alterations in human vitreous of different diabetic retinopathy stages.
methodsVitreous samples were obtained from 116 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy. Quantitative immunoassays were performed of angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, PIGF, Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2, Galectin-1) as well as cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL3) in samples from control patients (patients who don't suffer from diabetes; n = 58) as well as diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy (n = 25), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 12), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (n = 21). In addition, correlation analysis of protein levels in vitreous samples and fasting glucose values of these patients as well as correlation analyses of protein levels and VEGF-A were performed.
resultsWe detected up-regulated levels of VEGF-A (p = 0.001), PIGF (p<0.001), Angiopoietin-1 (p = 0.005), Angiopoietin-2 (p<0.001), IL-1β (p = 0.012), and IL-8 (p = 0.018) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy samples. Interestingly, we found a strong positive correlation between Angiopoietin-2 and VEGF-A levels as well as a positive correlation between Angiopoietin-1 and VEGF-A.
conclusionThis indicated that further angiogenic factors, besides VEGF, but also pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in disease progression and development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In contrast, factors other than angiogenic factors seem to play a crucial role in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy development. A detailed breakdown of the pathophysiology contributes to future detection and treatment of the disease.
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