Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36661607›Full record

ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2022

The Prevalence of Mild, Moderate, and Severe Nomophobia Symptoms: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.

Haitham Jahrami, Khaled Trabelsi, Omar Boukhris, Jumana Hasan Hussain, Ahmad F Alenezi, Ali Humood, Zahra Saif, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal, Mary V Seeman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Nomophobia in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Prevalence and Predictors of Nomophobia among Medical Students of a University in South India.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Nomophobia (No Mobile Phone Phobia) and Psychological Health Issues among Young Adult Students.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2023
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Haitham JahramiMinistry of Health, Manama 410, Bahrain.ORCID 0000-0001-8990-1320
Khaled TrabelsiHigh Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.ORCID 0000-0003-2623-9557
Omar BoukhrisHigh Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.ORCID 0000-0002-2861-0164
Jumana Hasan HussainDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 323, Bahrain.
Ahmad F AleneziDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 323, Bahrain.ORCID 0000-0001-8573-2988
Ali HumoodDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 323, Bahrain.ORCID 0000-0002-3044-3553
Zahra SaifMinistry of Health, Manama 410, Bahrain.
Seithikurippu R Pandi-PerumalSomnogen Canada Inc., College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-8686-7259
Mary V SeemanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-6797-3382

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

NOMOPHOBIA, or NO MObile PHone Phobia, refers to a psychological condition in which people fear being disconnected from their mobile phones. The purpose of this review was to establish the prevalence of nomophobia symptoms in youth and young adults according to severity, country, culture, population, measurement tool, and year of data collection. An electronic search of fourteen databases, two digital preservation services, and three content aggregator services was conducted from the inception of each database until 15 September 2021. A total of 52 studies involving 47,399 participants from 20 countries were included in the analyses. The prevalence of nomophobia was defined as the proportion of individuals scoring at or above established cut-offs on validated measures. Based on a random-effects meta-analysis, approximately 20% of individuals showed mild symptoms of nomophobia, 50% showed moderate symptoms, and 20% showed severe symptoms. Our results showed that university students from non-Western cultures are the most likely to suffer severe symptoms. In the year 2021, the prevalence rate of nomophobia increased. The instrument that was best able to detect nomophobia was the nomophobia questionnaire. Most individuals who own mobile phones experience mild or moderate symptoms of nomophobia. Severe symptoms deserve attention from clinicians and research scientists. A valid method of identifying individuals with a severe addiction to their mobile phones will help with timely and effective therapeutic management.

Indexed as

addictionanxietyfear of missing outFOMOiDisordernomophobia

Identifiers

PMID36661607
PMCPMC9854858

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.