ReviewCurrent issues in molecular biology2022
Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Prolonged COVID-19.
Review in Current issues in molecular biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Omics Landscape of Long COVID-A Comprehensive Systematic Review to Advance Biomarker, Target and Drug Discovery.Allergy · 2025Pooled it
- SARS-Cov-2 infection and neuropathological findings: a report of 18 cases and review of the literature.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Pooled it
- Immunological Mechanisms and Machine Learning Applications in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Associations between diagnoses linked with adverse COVID-19-related outcomes and sickness absence due to COVID-19 or COVID-19 like diagnoses: a prospective Swedish cohort study of 292 274 blue-collar workers in the retail and wholesale industry.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of anti-nuclear antibodies in COVID-19 patients: a remarkable 2.5-fold rise compared to healthy controls.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 excretion and genetic evolution in nasopharyngeal and stool samples from primary immunodeficiency and immunocompetent pediatric patients.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Exploring the Contrasts and Similarities of Dengue and SARS-CoV-2 Infections During the COVID-19 Era.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Clinical and epidemiological factors causing longer SARS-CoV 2 viral shedding: the results from the CoviCamp cohort.Infection · 2024Article
- Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b in COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities.Advances in therapy · 2024Article
- [SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmunity].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2024Review
- The plasma metabolome of long COVID patients two years after infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Venezuelan Pediatric Patients-A Single Center Prospective Observational Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Conundrum for Psoriasis and Thyroid Involvement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Self-DNA driven inflammation in COVID-19 and after mRNA-based vaccination: lessons for non-COVID-19 pathologies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Endothelial dysfunction in autoimmune, pulmonary, and kidney systems, and exercise tolerance following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Sarcoidosis-related autoimmune inflammation in COVID-19 convalescent patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Autoimmunity and long COVID in children.Reumatologia · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes the complex and heterogeneous illness known as COVID-19. The disease primarily affects the respiratory system but can quickly become systemic, harming multiple organs and leading to long-lasting sequelae in some patients. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic or present mild symptoms. Antibodies, complement, and immune cells can efficiently eliminate the virus. However, 20% of individuals develop severe respiratory illness and multiple organ failure. Virus replication has been described in several organs in patients who died from COVID-19, suggesting a compromised immune response. Immunodeficiency and autoimmunity are responsible for this impairment and facilitate viral escape. Mutations in IFN signal transduction and T cell activation are responsible for the inadequate response in young individuals. Autoantibodies are accountable for secondary immunodeficiency in patients with severe infection or prolonged COVID-19. Antibodies against cytokines (interferons α, γ and ω, IL1β, IL6, IL10, IL-17, IL21), chemokines, complement, nuclear proteins and DNA, anticardiolipin, and several extracellular proteins have been reported. The type and titer of autoantibodies depend on age and gender. Organ-specific autoantibodies have been described in prolonged COVID-19. Their role in the disease is under study. Autoimmunity and immunodeficiency should be screened as risk factors for severe or prolonged COVID-19.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.