ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2023
Distinguishing central from obstructive hypopneas on a clinical polysomnogram.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Classifying hypopneas as obstructive or central can enhance transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation therapy patient selection and outcomes.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Trial
- Oxygen overshoot burden of central sleep apnea and its association with cardiovascular outcomes.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- The importance of classifying central hypopneas: a call to action.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Review
- Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Sleep Apnea in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.JAMA cardiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Sleep-disordered breathing-year in review 2024.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Article
- Insights, recommendations, and research priorities for central sleep apnea: report from an expert panel.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Article
- The Prevalence of Central Sleep Apnea in New Referrals to a Sleep Surgery Clinic.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Observational
- Impact of Hypopnoea Classifications on the Assessment of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Heart Failure.Cardiac failure review · 2025Review
- The Prevalence of Sentinel Central Events (SCent) During Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Influence of Obstructive Apnea Index on Persistent Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Central sleep apnoea: not just one phenotype.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing in FKRP-related limb-girdle muscular dystrophy R9. The Norwegian LGMDR9 cohort study (2020).Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Leptin signaling in the dorsomedial hypothalamus couples breathing and metabolism in obesity.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Central Sleep Apnea with Heart Failure: Two Bad Bedfellows.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Among sleep-related disordered breathing events, hypopneas are the most frequent. Like obstructive and central apneas, hypopneas may be obstructive or central (reduced drive) in origin. Nevertheless, unlike apneas, categorizing hypopneas as either "obstructive" or "central" is often difficult or ambiguous. It has been suggested that hypopneas could be categorized as obstructive when associated with snoring, inspiratory flow limitation, or paradoxical thoraco-abdominal excursions. This approach, however, has not been extensively tested and misclassification of hypopneas is unavoidable. Yet, much rides on the accurate distinction of these events to guide therapy with medical devices or pharmacological therapy in each patient. Additionally, accurate hypopnea classification is critical for design of clinical trials, because therapeutic responses differ depending on the subtype of hypopnea. Correctly classifying hypopneas can also allay concerns about obtaining coverage for therapies that specifically target either central or obstructive sleep-disordered breathing events. The present paper expands on the current criteria for differentiating obstructive from central hypopneas and provides illustrative tracings that can help classify these events. CITATION: Javaheri S, Rapoport DM, Schwartz AR. Distinguishing central from obstructive hypopneas on a clinical polysomnogram.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.