Trial reportAnnals of surgery2023
Locoregional Failure During and After Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by Chemotherapy and Surgery Compared With Long-course Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery: A 5-Year Follow-up of the RAPIDO Trial.
Trial report in Annals of surgery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 205 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Multicentre Phase III Study of Short Course Radiation Therapy Followed by Prolonged Pre-operative Chemotherapy and Surgery in Primary High Risk Rectal Cancer Compared to Standard Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery and Optional Adjuvant Chemotherapy.
The Efficacy of Combination of Modulated Electro-Hyperthermia(mEHT) in The Multimodality Management in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Multicenter Phase 3 Randomized Control Trial.
Who cites it
205 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 318 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of particle therapy in the treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer: a systematic review.Radiology and oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Laparoscopic versus open surgery for rectal cancer: individual patient data meta-analysis of the ALaCaRT and Z6051 randomized trials.BJS open · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in proficient MMR rectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- SEOM-GEMCAD-TTD clinical guidelines for localized rectal cancer (2025).Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Guideline
- Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2024 for the treatment of colorectal cancer.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Guideline
- Compliance and Toxicity of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Total neoadjuvant therapy based on short-course radiotherapy versus standard long-course chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Organ Preservation and Quality of Life After Total Neoadjuvant Treatment in Rectal Cancer.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- A multicohort, biomarker-driven phase 2 trial of personalized total neoadjuvant therapy with targeted agents for high-risk rectal cancer (The TRAINER study).Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Trial
- Post-adjuvant chemotherapy in ctDNA-positive patients with resected colorectal cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Minimum 18-week chemotherapy improves survival in locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant radiotherapy: a post hoc analysis of the STELLAR trial.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Neoadjuvant FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab without radiotherapy for high-risk rectal cancer: multicentre phase II trial.BJS open · 2025Trial
- Long-Term Outcomes of Long-Course Chemoradiotherapy vs. Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Consolidation Chemotherapy in Rectal Cancer.Yonsei medical journal · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and irinotecan guided by UGT1A1 status in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: 5-year update of the CinClare trial.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Dual Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Plus Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Short-course versus long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: long-term results of a randomized controlled trial.International journal of colorectal disease · 2025Trial
- Chemoradiotherapy plus induction or consolidation chemotherapy as total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Pooled analysis of the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 and the OPRA randomized phase 2 trials.European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Long-Term Results of Organ Preservation in Patients With Rectal Adenocarcinoma Treated With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy: The Randomized Phase II OPRA Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Trial
- Preoperative Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
145 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo analyze risk and patterns of locoregional failure (LRF) in patients of the RAPIDO trial at 5 years.
backgroundMultimodality treatment improves local control in rectal cancer. Total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) aims to improve systemic control while local control is maintained. At 3 years, LRF rate was comparable between TNT and chemoradiotherapy in the RAPIDO trial.
methodsA total of 920 patients were randomized between an experimental (EXP, short-course radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery) and a standard-care group (STD, chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and optional postoperative chemotherapy). LRFs, including early LRF (no resection except for organ preservation/R2 resection) and locoregional recurrence (LRR) after an R0/R1 resection, were analyzed.
resultsTotally, 460 EXP and 446 STD patients were eligible. At 5.6 years (median follow-up), LRF was detected in 54/460 (12%) and 36/446 (8%) patients in the EXP and STD groups, respectively ( P =0.07), in which EXP patients were more often treated with 3-dimensional-conformed radiotherapy ( P =0.029). In the EXP group, LRR was detected more often [44/431 (10%) vs. 26/428 (6%); P =0.027], with more often a breached mesorectum (9/44 (21%) vs. 1/26 (4); P =0.048). The EXP treatment, enlarged lateral lymph nodes, positive circumferential resection margin, tumor deposits, and node positivity at pathology were the significant predictors for developing LRR. Location of the LRRs was similar between groups. Overall survival after LRF was comparable [hazard ratio: 0.76 (95% CI, 0.46-1.26); P =0.29].
conclusionsThe EXP treatment was associated with an increased risk of LRR, whereas the reduction in disease-related treatment failure and distant metastases remained after 5 years. Further refinement of the TNT in rectal cancer is mandated.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.