ArticleNature human behaviour2023
Unintended consequences of lockdowns, COVID-19 and the Shadow Pandemic in India.
Article in Nature human behaviour, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of infectious disease outbreaks and violence against women and girls: changes in magnitude, mechanisms and lessons for the future.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemics, Lockdown Measures and Vulnerable Populations: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of the Evidence of Impacts on Mother and Child Health in Low-and Lower-Middle-Income Countries.International journal of health policy and management · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Speaking Through Silence: The Lonelification at the Core of Domestic Abuse.Violence against women · 2026Article
- Adolescent mental health before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland: a repeated, cross-sectional, population-based study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Violence against women and girls research: Leveraging gains across disciplines.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Gender budgeting in the post-pandemic period: an analysis in the context of health and safety of women in India.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Persistent burden and health inequalities of disease in women of childbearing age attributable to Intimate Partner Violence, 1990-2021.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Measuring the impact of COVID-19 exposure on reporting of intimate partner violence in India using an intent-to-treat framework.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of lockdowns in shaping socioeconomic behaviors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Differences in patterns of sexual assault among female victims preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of encounters in an emergency department.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Article
- Metacognitive Management of Attention in Online Learning.Journal of Intelligence · 2024Article
- COVID-19 retreats and world recovers: A silver lining in the dark cloud.Health care science · 2023Review
- Routine child immunizations in India during the COVID-19 pandemic.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- The end of an emergency.Nature human behaviour · 2023Article
- Lights out? COVID-19 containment policies and economic activity.Journal of Asian economics · 2023Article
- Violence during lockdowns in India.Nature human behaviour · 2023Article
- Domestic abuse in the Covid-19 pandemic: measures designed to overcome common limitations of trend measurement.Crime science · 2023Article
- Findings from a natural experiment on the impact of covid-19 residential quarantines on domestic violence patterns in New Orleans.Journal of family violence · 2023Article
- Panel data evidence on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on livelihoods in urban Côte d'Ivoire.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Violence against women is a problem worldwide, with economic costs ranging from 1% to 4% of global gross domestic product. During the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdowns, the United Nations coined the term the Shadow Pandemic to describe the increase in global violence against women. Here, using variation in the intensity of government-mandated lockdowns in India, we show that domestic violence complaints increase significantly in districts with the strictest lockdown rules. We find similarly large increases in cybercrime complaints. However, rape and sexual assault complaints decrease in districts with the strictest lockdowns, consistent with decreased female mobility in public spaces, public transport and workplaces where they might be at greater risk for rape and sexual assault. Medium-term analysis shows that increases in domestic violence complaints persist 1 year later, while other complaints related to rape, sexual assault and cybercrimes return to pre-lockdown levels.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.