ArticleBMJ open2023
Cessation of smoking trial in the emergency department (CoSTED): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04854616 (Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department: Long-Term Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Trial
- Cessation of smoking in people attending UK emergency departments: the COSTED RCT with economic and process evaluation.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2025Trial
- The Context of the Emergency Department as a Location for a Smoking Cessation Intervention-Process Evaluation Findings From the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Cost-utility analysis of provision of e-cigarette starter kits for smoking cessation in emergency departments: An economic evaluation of a randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Trial
- Engagement With Stop Smoking Services After Referral or Signposting: A Mixed-Methods Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department (COSTED): a multicentre randomised controlled trial.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2024Trial
- A smoking cessation intervention for rural veterans tailored to individual risk factors: A multicenter randomized clinical trial.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Trial
- Smoking cessation in emergency departments: a reality check.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- How can engagement with underserved communities be enhanced? A co-inquiry informed model of stop smoking outreach.Perspectives in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Designing e-consent protocols for pragmatic clinical trials: case studies from a UKCRC clinical trials unit.Trials · 2024Article
- Article
- Predictors of Successful Tobacco Cessation After Receiving an E-Cigarette Based Smoking Cessation Intervention.Tobacco use insights · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAttendees of emergency departments (EDs) have a higher than expected prevalence of smoking. ED attendance may be a good opportunity to prompt positive behaviour change, even for smokers not currently motivated to quit. This study aims to determine whether an opportunist smoking cessation intervention delivered in the ED can help daily smokers attending the ED quit smoking and is cost-effective. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A two-arm pragmatic, multicentred, parallel-group, individually randomised, controlled superiority trial with an internal pilot, economic evaluation and mixed methods process evaluation. The trial will compare ED-based brief smoking cessation advice, including provision of an e-cigarette and referral to local stop smoking services (intervention) with the provision of contact details for local stop smoking services (control). Target sample size is 972, recruiting across 6 National Health Service EDs in England and Scotland. Outcomes will be collected at 1, 3 and 6 months. The primary outcome at 6 months is carbon monoxide verified continuous smoking abstinence. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial was approved by the South Central-Oxford B Research Committee (21/SC/0288). Dissemination will include the publication of outcomes, and the process and economic evaluations in peer-reviewed journals. The findings will also be appropriately disseminated to relevant practice, policy and patient representative groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04854616; protocol V.4.2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.