SynthesisJournal of infection and public health2023
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on multidrug resistant gram positive and gram negative pathogens: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of infection and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic Use Among Hospitalized Patients in Africa: A Systematic Review of Point Prevalence Studies.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Pooled it
- Intrapulmonary penetration and pharmacokinetics of siderophore cephalosporin HRS-8427 injection in Chinese healthy subjects.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Trial
- Distinct Epidemiology and Temporal Trends of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in a Newly Established Hospital: A Five-Year Surveillance Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Six Priority Bacteria in Italy: Trends and Regional Variation, 2015-2024.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genetic Diversity and Hospital Circulation of Opportunistic Pathogens in COVID-19 ICUs: Whole-Genome Sequencing Data.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- The global epidemiology of MRSA.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Hidden in the community: poly-clonal spread of KPC- or NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae revealed by whole-genome sequencing in Southeastern Brazil.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Distinct molecular epidemiology and outcomes of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative infections in Lebanon: insights from the MDRO network.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Changes in the Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Six-Year Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northeastern Thailand.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ICU patients and hospital surfaces: β-lactamase burden, biofilm formation and clonal spread.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological trends of multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary-care pediatric hospital, 2017-2023.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- A Seven-Year Study of Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship for COVID-19 Management.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Review
- Trends, Seasonality, and the Impact of COVID-19 on ClinicalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Resistance Paradox in COVID-19 Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study on Rapid Molecular Stewardship.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Monotherapy versus combination therapy for treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii complex infections: results from an observational study.Critical care science · 2026Observational
- The Evolving Triad of Carbapenem Resistance: Emergence of Dominant CRPA, Persistent CRAB, and Rebounding CRKP in a Chinese Regional Hospital (2020-2024).Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Thymoquinone combined with conventional antibiotics against pandrug-resistantFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is paucity of data describing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance. This review evaluated the changes in the rate of multidrug resistant gram negative and gram positive bacteria during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsA search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases to identify eligible studies. Studies that reported the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase inhibitor (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CPE) were selected. Studies published in English language from the start of COVID-19 pandemic to July 2022 were considered for inclusion.
resultsThirty eligible studies were selected and most of them were from Italy (n = 8), Turkey (n = 3) and Brazil (n = 3). The results indicated changes in the rate of multidrug resistant bacteria, and the changes varied between the studies. Most studies (54.5%) reported increase in MRSA infection/colonization during the pandemic, and the increase ranged from 4.6 to 170.6%. Five studies (55.6%) reported a 6.8-65.1% increase in VRE infection/colonization during the pandemic. A 2.4-58.2% decrease in ESBL E. coli and a 1.8-13.3% reduction in ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae was observed during the pandemic. For CRAB, most studies (58.3%) reported 1.5-621.6% increase in infection/colonization during the pandemic. Overall, studies showed increase in the rate of CRE infection/colonization during the pandemic. There was a reduction in carbapenem-resistant E. coli during COVID-19 pandemic, and an increase in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Most studies (55.6%) showed 10.4 - 40.9% reduction in the rate of CRPA infection during the pandemic.
conclusionThere is an increase in the rate of multidrug resistant gram positive and gram negative bacteria during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rate of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and CRPA has decrease during the pandemic. Both infection prevention and control strategies and antimicrobial stewardship should be strengthen to address the increasing rate of multidrug resistant gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.