Trial reportThe Journal of clinical investigation2023
Preclinical and clinical evidence for suppression of alcohol intake by apremilast.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Variations in alcohol craving and negative mood during a clinical trial of ibudilast for alcohol use disorder.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Trial
- A Neuroimmune Modulator for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Context-dependent effects of microglial MyD88 removal on voluntary ethanol consumption in mice.Neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- PDE4 Inhibition in Dermatologic Disease: Impacts Beyond Inflammation.International journal of dermatology · 2026Review
- Towards Mechanism-Informed Treatments for Mental Health.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
- Conserved Cell-Type-Specific Transcriptomic Networks and Regulatory Programs Underlie Alcohol Dependence Across Mouse and Human.Research square · 2026Article
- Bridging genomics and pharmacoepidemiology to expand treatment options for alcohol use disorder.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Impact of chronic alcohol and stress on midlife cognition and locus coeruleus integrity in mice.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Bridging Genomics and Pharmacoepidemiology to Expand Treatment Options for Alcohol Use Disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Morphine and nicotine intake in high drinking in the dark mice is reduced by informatics-nominated and translationally relevant compounds.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Alcohol use disorder-associated pain: clinical and preclinical evidence.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- Voluntary wheel-running reduces harmful drinking in a genetic risk model for drinking to intoxication.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Targeting Phosphodiesterase 4 in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases: From Isoform-Specific Mechanisms to Precision Therapeutics.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Alcohol use disorder and body mass index show genetic pleiotropy and shared neural associations.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Apremilast reduces co-occurring alcohol drinking and mechanical allodynia and regulates central amygdala GABAergic transmission.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Article
- Central amygdala neuroimmune signaling in alcohol use disorder.Addiction neuroscience · 2025Article
- Alcohol drinking is attenuated by PDE4 inhibition but partial microglia depletion is not sufficient to block stress-induced escalation of alcohol intake in female mice.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Investigating Therapeutic Targets for Alcohol Use Disorder: Pharmacological View of ClinicalTrials.gov Data.International journal of general medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of metformin on binge-like ethanol drinking and adenosine monophosphate kinase signaling in inbred high drinking in the dark line 1 mice.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Treatment options for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have minimally advanced since 2004, while the annual deaths and economic toll have increased alarmingly. Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) is associated with alcohol and nicotine dependence. PDE4 inhibitors were identified as a potential AUD treatment using a bioinformatics approach. We prioritized a newer PDE4 inhibitor, apremilast, as ideal for repurposing (i.e., FDA approved for psoriasis, low incidence of adverse events, excellent safety profile) and tested it using multiple animal strains and models, as well as in a human phase IIa study. We found that apremilast reduced binge-like alcohol intake and behavioral measures of alcohol motivation in mouse models of genetic risk for drinking to intoxication. Apremilast also reduced excessive alcohol drinking in models of stress-facilitated drinking and alcohol dependence. Using site-directed drug infusions and electrophysiology, we uncovered that apremilast may act to lessen drinking in mice by increasing neural activity in the nucleus accumbens, a key brain region in the regulation of alcohol intake. Importantly, apremilast (90 mg/d) reduced excessive drinking in non-treatment-seeking individuals with AUD in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. These results demonstrate that apremilast suppresses excessive alcohol drinking across the spectrum of AUD severity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.