Period and cohort effects: consequences on spirometric lung function in Norway during the 20th century.

Lucia Cestelli, Ane Johannessen, Knut Stavem, Amund Gulsvik, Rune Nielsen

Open access · goldAbstract read

In one paragraph

Article in ERJ open research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 40% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

Occupation and 11-year lung function decline in the HUNT Study.Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Lucia CestelliDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9813-0484

Ane JohannessenCentre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Knut StavemPulmonary Department, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4512-8000

Amund GulsvikDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Rune NielsenDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

University of Bergen · NOHaukeland University Hospital · NOUniversity of Oslo · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and aim: Several factors can influence measured lung function over time. The aim of this study was to investigate period and cohort effects on spirometric measures in a large general population sample in Norway during the 20th century, using Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI-2012) equations as a reference. Methods: 36 466 subjects (born 1894-1969) from four cross-sectional surveys conducted between 1965 and 1999 were included, with harmonised data on smoking habits, respiratory symptoms, lung diseases, education and spirometry. Changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV Results: Relatively higher FEV Conclusions: An increase of lung function with year of birth was observed in Norwegian subjects during the first half of the 20th century. The impact of period effects on lung function decreased from 1965 to 1999.

Identifiers

PMID36655225

DOI10.1183/23120541.00302-2022

PMCPMC9835971

OpenAlexW4302307244

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.