Review3D printing and additive manufacturing2021
Three-Dimensional Printing of Medical Devices Used Directly to Treat Patients: A Systematic Review.
Review in 3D printing and additive manufacturing, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- 3D printing in palliative medicine: systematic review.BMJ supportive & palliative care · 2024Pooled it
- Three-Dimensional Printing in Pediatric Orthopaedics: Cost Analysis and Emerging Applications.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Review
- Additive Manufacturing in Orthopaedic Trauma: Current Evidence and Applications.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Applications of 3D Printing and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Management: A Narrative Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Evolution of Titanium Interbody Cages and Current Uses of 3D Printed Titanium in Spine Fusion Surgery.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2025Review
- Mimicking Alveolar Lung Structures with Lattice Designs.Polymers · 2025Article
- Properties and Characterization of Cryogels: Structural, Mechanical, and Functional Insights.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Virtual Reality for Preoperative Planning and Education in Pediatric Surgery: Preliminary Results for the Treatment of Congenital Malformations and Tumors.World journal of surgery · 2025Article
- Microsoft HoloLens 2 vs. tablet-based augmented reality and 3D printing for fronto-orbital reconstruction of craniosynostosis: a case study.3D printing in medicine · 2025Article
- Medical 3D Printing Using Material Jetting: Technology Overview, Medical Applications, and Challenges.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Personalized 3D-Printed Prostheses for Bone Defect Reconstruction After Tumor Resection in the Foot and Ankle.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Rapid-printed Three-dimensional Models for Craniomaxillofacial Trauma.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- The Future of Total Elbow Arthroplasty: A Statistical Forecast Model for Germany.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Assessing the Dispersion Stability of Antimicrobial Fillers in Photosensitive Resin for Vat Polymerization 3D Printing.3D printing and additive manufacturing · 2024Article
- Enhanced Bone Healing in Critical-Sized Rabbit Femoral Defects: Impact of Helical and Alternate Scaffold Architectures.Polymers · 2024Article
- Point-of-Care Orthopedic Oncology Device Development.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Article
- 3D printing for patient-specific implants in musculoskeletal oncology.EFORT open reviews · 2023Review
- Mechanical and medical imaging properties of 3D-printed materials as tissue equivalent materials.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2022Article
- Advanced Surface Modification for 3D-Printed Titanium Alloy Implant Interface Functionalization.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Until recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing/additive manufacturing has not been used extensively to create medical devices intended for actual clinical use, primarily on patient safety and regulatory grounds. However, in recent years there have been advances in materials, printers, and experience, leading to increased clinical use. The aim of this study was to perform a structured systematic review of 3D-printed medical devices used directly in patient treatment. A search of 13 databases was performed to identify studies of 3D-printed medical devices, detailing fabrication technology and materials employed, clinical application, and clinical outcome. One hundred and ten papers describing one hundred and forty medical devices were identified and analyzed. A considerable increase was identified in the use of 3D printing to produce medical devices directly for clinical use in the past 3 years. This is dominated by printing of patient-specific implants and surgical guides for use in orthopedics and orthopedic oncology, but there is a trend of increased use across other clinical specialties. The prevailing material/3D-printing technology used were titanium alloy/electron beam melting for implants, and polyamide/selective laser sintering or polylactic acid/fused deposition modeling for surgical guides and instruments. A detailed analysis across medical applications by technology and materials is provided, as well as a commentary regarding regulatory aspects. In general, there is growing familiarity with, and acceptance of, 3D printing in clinical use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.