ArticleFEBS letters2023
Crystal structures of OrfX1, OrfX2 and the OrfX1-OrfX3 complex from the orfX gene cluster of botulinum neurotoxin E1.
Article in FEBS letters, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Gut to Systemic Circulation: Molecular Strategies of Botulinum Neurotoxin Complexes.Toxins · 2026Review
- Advances in Clostridial Neurotoxins: Passage of the Intestinal Barrier and Targeting of Specific Neuronal Cells.Toxins · 2026Review
- Identification and characterization of botulinum neurotoxin-like two-component toxins inScience advances · 2025Article
- Clostridium botulinum serotype B: microbial genetics, toxin biosynthesis, current applications, and future prospects.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Infant Botulism and Carbohydrate Blood Group Antigens: Preliminary Results from a Discordant Twin Study.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Botulinum neurotoxins exploit host digestive proteases to boost their oral toxicity via activating OrfXs/P47.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Botulinum Toxin: A Comprehensive Review of Its Molecular Architecture and Mechanistic Action.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxins in Veterinary Medicine.Veterinary sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most lethal toxins known to humans, comprising seven established serotypes termed BoNT/A-G encoded in two types of gene clusters (ha and orfX) in BoNT-producing clostridia. The ha cluster encodes four non-toxic neurotoxin-associated proteins (NAPs) that assemble with BoNTs to protect and enhance their oral toxicity. However, the structure and function of the orfX-type NAPs remain largely unknown. Here, we report the crystal structures for OrfX1, OrfX2, and an OrfX1-OrfX3 complex, which are encoded in the orfX cluster of a BoNT/E1-producing Clostridium botulinum strain associated with human foodborne botulism. These structures lay the foundation for future studies on the potential roles of OrfX proteins in oral intoxication and pathogenesis of BoNTs.
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Registered trials
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