ArticleMolecular psychiatry2023
Volume of subcortical brain regions in social anxiety disorder: mega-analytic results from 37 samples in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group.
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Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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21citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain Aging in Specific Phobia: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis.Human brain mapping · 2026Pooled it
- Cortical and Subcortical Brain Alterations in Specific Phobia and Its Animal and Blood-Injection-Injury Subtypes: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA Anxiety Working Group.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Grey matter structural alterations in anxiety disorders: a voxel-based meta-analysis.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Epidemiology, genetics, neuroimaging, clinical features, and treatment between overall and performance-only social anxiety disorder: a narrative review.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Identifying a structural brain network for social anxiety: connectome-based predictive modeling and network analyses in a transdiagnostic sample.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cross-disorder comparison of brain structures among 4836 individuals with mental disorders and controls utilizing danish population-based clinical MRI scans.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Habenula volume alterations in adults born very preterm.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Brain Ageing in Social Anxiety Disorder: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis Across 26 International Cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Multimodal phenotypic classification of generalized anxiety and panic using structural MRI data and psychosocial factors: machine learning results from the German National Cohort (NAKO) study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Structural brain differences associated with panic disorder: an ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group mega-analysis of 4924 individuals worldwide.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Structural Brain Correlates of Childhood Inhibited Temperament: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Specific frontostriatal structural alterations underlie emotional instability but not inattention in ADHD and healthy individuals.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2026Article
- Joint models reveal human subcortical underpinnings of choice and learning behavior.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Autonomic Readiness for Social Threats in Patients with Social Anxiety Disorder.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Neurodevelopmental Pathways from Temperamental Fear to Anxiety.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Insights into Overlapping Brain Networks for Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Causal effect of COVID-19 on longitudinal volumetric changes in subcortical structures: A mendelian randomization study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Brainwide Mendelian Randomization Study of Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms.Biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- Large-Scale Neuroimaging of Mental Illness.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024Review
- Research hotspots and trends of neuroimaging in social anxiety: a CiteSpace bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science and Scopus database.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
99 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.
Nynke A GroenewoldNeuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. nynke.groenewold@uct.ac.za.ORCID 0000-0002-0865-8427
Janna Marie Bas-HoogendamDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-8982-1670
Alyssa R AmodNeuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-5190-9597
Max A LaansmaDepartment of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-8216-6690
Laura S Van VelzenOrygen & Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Moji AghajaniLeiden University, Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden, Netherlands.
Kevin HilbertDepartment of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7986-4113
Hyuntaek OhMenninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Ramiro SalasMenninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1105-566X
Andrea P JackowskiLiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-8842-5406
Pedro M PanLiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-1943-6520
Giovanni A SalumSection on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
James R BlairChild and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Karina S BlairCenter for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA.
Joy HirschDepartments of Psychiatry & Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Spiro P PantazatosDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9572-8816
Franklin R SchneierDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Ardesheer TalatiDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Karin RoelofsDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-8863-8978
Inge VolmanWellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Laura Blanco-HinojoMRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
Narcís CardonerDepartment of Mental Health, University Hospital Parc Taulí-I3PT, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9633-0888
Jesus PujolMRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
Katja Beesdo-BaumBehavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psycholog and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Christopher R K ChingImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Sophia I ThomopoulosImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Andreas JansenCore-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Tilo KircherDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Axel KrugDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Igor NenadićDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Frederike SteinDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Udo DannlowskiInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0623-3759
Dominik GrotegerdInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Hannah LemkeInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7117-2908
Susanne MeinertInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Alexandra WinterInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3759-1425
Michael ErbDepartment of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Benjamin KreifeltsDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Qiyong GongHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5912-4871
Su LuiHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Fei ZhuHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Benson MwangiLouis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Jair C SoaresLouis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5466-5628
Mon-Ju WuLouis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0540-8027
Ali BayramDepartment of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0002-6588-3479
Mesut CanliDepartment of Physiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0003-2686-7801
Raşit TükelDepartment of Psychiatry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
P Michiel WestenbergDepartment of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.
Alexandre HeerenPsychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Henk R CremersDepartment of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
David HofmannInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Thomas StraubeInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Alexander G G DoruyterDivision of Nuclear Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-9294-1737
Christine LochnerSA-MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-4766-3704
Jutta PeterbursInstitute of Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Marie-José Van TolCognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-9260-5490
Raquel E GurDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Antonia N KaczkurkinDepartment of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0943-3094
Bart LarsenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Theodore D SatterthwaiteDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7072-9399
Courtney A FilippiEmotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8327-7459
Andrea L GoldDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
Anita HarrewijnEmotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
André ZugmanEmotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6126-7759
Robin BülowInstitute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1884-5784
Hans J GrabeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Henry VölzkeInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Katharina WittfeldDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4383-5043
Joscha BöhnleinInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9870-5599
Katharina DohmInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Harald KugelUniversity Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4349-1984
Elisabeth SchrammenInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Peter ZwanzgerKBO-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Munich, Germany.
Elisabeth J LeehrInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Lisa SindermannInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Tali M BallDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Gregory A FonzoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0213-1034
Martin P PaulusLaureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0825-3606
Alan SimmonsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Murray B SteinDepartments of Psychiatry & School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9564-2871
Heide KlumppDepartments of Psychology & Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
K Luan PhanDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Tomas FurmarkDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-6821-9058
Kristoffer N T MånssonDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Amirhossein ManzouriDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Suzanne N AveryDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Jennifer Urbano BlackfordMunroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0261-4845
Jacqueline A ClaussMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0532-6726
Brandee FeolaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Jennifer C HarperDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Chad M SylvesterDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Ulrike LuekenDepartment of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Dick J VeltmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location VUMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Anderson M WinklerEmotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4169-9781
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Daniel S PineEmotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Dan J SteinNeuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-7218-7810
Nic J A Van der WeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
University of Münster · DENational Institutes of Health · USPhilipps University of Marburg · DEUniversitätsmedizin Greifswald · DEUniversity of Southern California · USChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CNColumbia University Irving Medical Center · USIstanbul University · TRLeiden University · NLThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · USCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · ESHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin · DEKarolinska Institutet · SESouth African Medical Research Council · ZAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo · BRUniversity of California San Diego · USUniversity of Cape Town · ZAUniversity of Tübingen · DEVanderbilt University Medical Center · US
Funding
fMRI Studies Of Pediatric Mood And Anxiety DisordersZIAMH002781 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI PINE, DANIEL · 2009 to 2025
$41.5MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MLIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIORT32MH018921 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI HUMPHREYS, KATHRYN LEIGH · 1989 to 2024
$6.7MNeonatal Brain Activity and Risk for Anxiety Disorders in Early ChildhoodR01MH122389 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Chad Michael Sylvester · 2020 to 2026
$3.9MNeural Substrates of Decision-making in AnxietyR01MH065413 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI STEIN, MURRAY B. · 2003 to 2011
$2.6MNeurobiologically-Based Subtyping of Multi-Cohort Samples with MDD and PTSD SymptomsR01MH129832 · NIMH · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI MOREY, RAJENDRA A, SCHMAAL, LIANNE · 2022 to 2025
$2.3MFronto-Limbic Brain of Bipolar Children and AdolescentsR01MH069774 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI YOUNGSTROM, ERIC · 2005 to 2008
$1.9MTranslational Neuroscience Training for CliniciansT32MH112485 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BUCKNER, RANDY L, ROFFMAN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE · 2018 to 2022
$1.7MFmri Studies Of Pediatric Mood And Anxiety DisordersZ01MH002781 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI PINE, DANIEL · 2002 to 2008
$1.5MA global alliance to unlock brain mechanisms influencing suicidal behaviors through the ENIGMA ConsortiumR01MH117601 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JAHANSHAD, NEDA, SCHMAAL, LIANNE · 2018 to 2021
$1.5MATTENTION AND RELATED FUNCTIONAL BRAIN NETWORKS IN PEDIATRIC ANXIETY DISORDERSK23MH109983 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SYLVESTER, CHAD MICHAEL · 2016 to 2020
$1.1MComputational neuroimaging of reward in post-trauma psychopathologyK23MH114023 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI FONZO, GREGORY · 2018 to 2022
$957kCSRD VA I01 CX000994CSRD VA I01 CX001937Intramural NIH HHS Z01 MH002781Intramural NIH HHS ZIA MH002781NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH083052NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH109983NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH114023NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH065413NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069774NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117601NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH122389NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH129832NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018921NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH112485
Abstract
There is limited convergence in neuroimaging investigations into volumes of subcortical brain regions in social anxiety disorder (SAD). The inconsistent findings may arise from variations in methodological approaches across studies, including sample selection based on age and clinical characteristics. The ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group initiated a global mega-analysis to determine whether differences in subcortical volumes can be detected in adults and adolescents with SAD relative to healthy controls. Volumetric data from 37 international samples with 1115 SAD patients and 2775 controls were obtained from ENIGMA-standardized protocols for image segmentation and quality assurance. Linear mixed-effects analyses were adjusted for comparisons across seven subcortical regions in each hemisphere using family-wise error (FWE)-correction. Mixed-effects d effect sizes were calculated. In the full sample, SAD patients showed smaller bilateral putamen volume than controls (left: d = -0.077, p
Indexed as
Phobia, SocialAdolescentAdultAnxietyBrainHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeuroimaging
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