ArticleNature2023
FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population.
Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2,909 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2,909citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2,909 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Male reproductive surgeries and long-term kidney outcomes: a Mendelian randomization and meta-analysis of UK Biobank and FinnGen.Renal failure · 2026Pooled it
- A Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Functional Dyspepsia in 1,168,899 Individuals Implicates Immune Pathways in Disease Susceptibility.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the genetic correlation between inflammatory bowel disease and psychiatric disorders: insights from genome-wide association studies.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Integration of GWAS and single-cell analysis for psoriasis identifies disease-associated cell subtypes and therapeutic targets.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Multi-ancestry genetic architecture of heart failure subtypes.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Multi-population GWAS meta-analysis identifies bladder cancer susceptibility loci and highlights genetic regulation of smoking-related risk.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Genome-Wide Association Study of Corneal Dystrophy Uncovers Novel Risk Loci and Enables Improved Polygenic Prediction of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Pooled it
- Multiancestry and Multitrait GWAS Meta-Analysis on Schizophrenia With a Sample of 322,321 Unveils Genetic Links to Chronic Lung Diseases.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Integrative GWAS identifies novel loci and genetic links between psychiatric and metabolic factors in anorexia nervosa.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Discovering Age- and Sex-Specific Genetic Risk Factors in Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Genome-Wide Evidence from Large-Scale Biobanks.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Omega Fatty Acids on DKD: A Multimodal Study Integrating Mendelian Randomization, Proteomic Mediation Analysis, and Meta-Analysis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing the causal effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure: a meta-analytic Mendelian randomization study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- Genetic drivers of etiologic heterogeneity in thyroid cancer.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary intervention and BMI reduction in individuals at the extremes of genetic predisposition to higher BMI: a randomized controlled trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Causal links between gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, and insomnia: Insights from Mendelian randomization.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Frailty index and type 2 diabetes with renal complications: insights from Mendelian randomization and retrospective observational study.Renal failure · 2026Observational
- Cross-trait genetic architecture of intracerebral hemorrhage highlights convergent vascular, hematologic and lipid pathways.Metabolism open · 2026Article
- Migraines and the association of cognitive impairment: a one- and two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Causal effect of thyroid function on cortical brain structure: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Exploring the shared genetic architecture between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
2,849 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
169 authors.
Mitja I KurkiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Juha KarjalainenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Priit PaltaInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Timo P SipiläInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Kati KristianssonFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Kati M DonnerInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Mary P ReeveInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Hannele LaivuoriInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Mervi AavikkoInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Mari A KaunistoInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Anu LoukolaHelsinki Biobank, University of Helsinki and Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland.
Elisa LahtelaInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Hannele MattssonFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Päivi LaihoFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Pietro Della Briotta ParoloInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Arto A LehistoInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Masahiro KanaiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Nina MarsInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Joel RämöInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tuomo KiiskinenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Henrike O HeyneInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Kumar VeerapenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Sina RüegerInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Susanna LemmeläInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Wei ZhouProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Sanni RuotsalainenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Kalle PärnInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tero HiekkalinnaFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Sami KoskelainenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Teemu PaajanenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Vincent LlorensInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Javier Gracia-TabuencaTAUCHI Research Center, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Harri SiirtolaTAUCHI Research Center, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Kadri ReisEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Abdelrahman G ElnahasEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Benjamin SunTranslational Biology, Research and Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Christopher N FoleyOptima Partners, Edinburgh, UK.
Katriina Aalto-SetäläFaculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Kaur AlasooInstitute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Mikko ArvasFinnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland.
Kirsi AuroGlaxoSmithKline, Espoo, Finland.
Shameek BiswasBristol Myers Squibb, New York, NY, USA.
Argyro Bizaki-VallaskangasTampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Olli CarpenHelsinki Biobank, University of Helsinki and Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland.
Chia-Yen ChenBiogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Oluwaseun A DadaInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Zhihao DingBoehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
Margaret G EhmGlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Kari EklundDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Martti FärkkiläAbdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
Hilary FinucaneProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Andrea GannaInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Awaisa GhazalInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Robert R GrahamMaze Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Eric M GreenMaze Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Antti HakanenAuria Biobank, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Marco HautalahtiFINBB, Finnish Biobank Cooperative, Helsinki, Finland.
Åsa K HedmanPfizer, New York, NY, USA.
Mikko HiltunenClinical Biobank Tampere, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Reetta HinttalaMedical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Iiris HovattaDepartment of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Xinli HuPfizer, New York, NY, USA.
Adriana Huertas-VazquezMerck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
Laura HuilajaPEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Julie HunkapillerGenentech, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Howard JacobAbbVie, Chicago, IL, USA.
Jan-Nygaard JensenBoehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
Heikki JoensuuHelsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Sally JohnBiogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Valtteri JulkunenNeuro Center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Marc JungBoehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
Juhani JunttilaNorthern Finland Biobank Borealis, University of Oulu, Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Oulu, Finland.
Kai KaarnirantaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Mika KähönenFaculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Risto KajanneInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Lila KallioAuria Biobank, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Reetta KälviäinenEpilepsy Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Jaakko KaprioInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
FinnGen
Nurlan KerimovInstitute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Johannes KettunenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Elina KilpeläinenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Terhi KilpiFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Katherine KlingerTranslational Sciences, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA.
Veli-Matti KosmaBiobank of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Teijo KuopioCentral Finland Biobank, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Venla KurraDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Triin LaiskEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Jari LaukkanenCentral Finland Biobank, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Nathan LawlessBoehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
Aoxing LiuInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Simonne LongerichMerck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
Reedik MägiEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Johanna MäkeläFINBB, Finnish Biobank Cooperative, Turku, Finland.
Antti MäkitieDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Anders MalarstigPfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Arto MannermaaBiobank of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Joseph MaranvilleBristol Myers Squibb, New York, NY, USA.
Athena MatakidouCentre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
Tuomo MeretojaHelsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Sahar V MozaffariMaze Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mari E K NiemiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Marianna NiemiFaculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Teemu NiiranenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Christopher J O DonnellNovartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ma En ObeidatNovartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
George OkafoBoehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
Hanna M OllilaInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Antti PalomäkiTurku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Tuula PalotieDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Jukka PartanenFinnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland.
Dirk S PaulCentre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
Margit PelkonenDepartment of Pulmonary Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Rion K PendergrassGenentech, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Slavé PetrovskiCentre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
Anne PitkärantaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Adam PlattTranslational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
David PulfordGlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.
Eero PunkkaHelsinki Biobank, University of Helsinki and Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland.
Pirkko PussinenDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Neha RaghavanMerck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
Fedik RahimovAbbVie, Chicago, IL, USA.
Deepak RajpalTranslational Sciences, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA.
Nicole A RenaudNovartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Bridget Riley-GillisAbbVie, Chicago, IL, USA.
Rodosthenis RodosthenousInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Elmo SaarentausInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Aino SalminenDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Eveliina SalminenHelsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Veikko SalomaaFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Johanna SchleutkerAuria Biobank, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Raisa SerpiNorthern Finland Biobank Borealis, University of Oulu, Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Oulu, Finland.
Huei-Yi ShenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Richard SiegelNovartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
Kaisa SilanderFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Sanna SiltanenFinnish Clinical Biobank Tampere, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Sirpa SoiniFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Hilkka SoininenDepartment of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Jae Hoon SulMerck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
Ioanna TachmazidouCentre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
Kaisa TasanenPEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Pentti TienariDepartment of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Sanna Toppila-SalmiDepartment of Allergy, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Taru TukiainenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tiinamaija TuomiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Joni A TurunenHelsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Jacob C UlirschProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Felix VauraFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Petri VirolainenAuria Biobank, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Jeffrey WaringAbbVie, Chicago, IL, USA.
Dawn WaterworthJanssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA.
Robert YangJanssen Biotech, Beerse, Belgium.
Mari NelisGenomics Core Facility, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Anu ReigoEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Andres MetspaluEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Lili MilaniEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Tõnu EskoEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Caroline FoxMerck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
Aki S HavulinnaInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Markus PerolaFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Samuli RipattiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Anu JalankoInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tarja LaitinenFinnish Clinical Biobank Tampere, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Tomi P MäkeläHelsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Robert PlengeBristol Myers Squibb, New York, NY, USA.
Mark McCarthyGenentech, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Heiko RunzBiogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Mark J DalyInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Aarno PalotieInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. aarno.palotie@helsinki.fi.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2527-5874
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Population isolates such as those in Finland benefit genetic research because deleterious alleles are often concentrated on a small number of low-frequency variants (0.1% ≤ minor allele frequency < 5%). These variants survived the founding bottleneck rather than being distributed over a large number of ultrarare variants. Although this effect is well established in Mendelian genetics, its value in common disease genetics is less explored
Indexed as
DiseaseGene FrequencyPhenotypeEstoniaFinlandGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMeta-Analysis as TopicMiddle AgedUnited KingdomWhite People
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