ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2023
Gestational age at birth and cognitive outcomes in adolescence: population based full sibling cohort study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Educational Outcomes for Children at 7 to 9 Years of Age After Birth at 39 vs 40 to 42 Weeks' Gestation.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Clinical Performance of a Delphi Consensus and the sFlt-1/PlGF-ratio in Guiding Delivery Decisions in Early-Onset Preeclampsia Before 32 Weeks.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Anthropometric differences between twins at birth and their association with later cognitive performance.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Gestational Age and Childhood Educational Outcomes in Primary and High School Years.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Common and rare genetic variant associations with cognitive performance across development in British birth cohorts.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Academic Achievements in Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease: A Total Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Divergent representation and processing of task cues in sensory and prefrontal cortices of preterm-born mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Effects of Early Infant Nutrition on Aperiodic Exponent From 2 to 12 Months Using EEG Analysis.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Investigating the interplay between prematurity and genetic variation in the context of rare developmental disorders.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Parenting experiences of informal caregivers of preterm infants during the first 2 years of life at corrected age: a qualitative systematic review protocol.JBI evidence synthesis · 2025Article
- Cooperative Breeding as a Likely Early Catalyst of Human Evolution.Evolutionary anthropology · 2025Review
- The effect of birthweight and gestational age on cognitive function in midlife: the Bogalusa heart study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- An AI-based approach to predict delivery outcome based on measurable factors of pregnant mothers.PLOS digital health · 2025Article
- Article
- [Pregnant women with COVID-19 ARDS on the intensive care unit].Die Anaesthesiologie · 2024Article
- Preterm birth and subsequent intelligence and academic performance in youth: A cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- The influence of temperament and perinatal factors on language development: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Educational achievement of children with selected major congenital anomalies and associated factors: a Finnish registry-based study.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Association of Birth Weight Centiles and Gestational Age With Cognitive Performance at Age 5 Years.JAMA network open · 2023Observational
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association between gestational age at birth and cognitive outcomes in adolescence.
designNationwide population based full sibling cohort study.
settingDenmark.
participants1.2 million children born between 1 January 1986 and 31 December 2003, of whom 792 724 had one or more full siblings born in the same period.
main outcome measuresScores in written language (Danish) and mathematics examinations as graded by masked assessors at the end of compulsory schooling (ninth grade, ages 15-16 years), in addition to intelligence test score at military conscription (predominantly at age 18 years) for a nested sub-cohort of male adolescents. School grades were standardised as z scores according to year of examination, and intelligence test scores were standardised as z scores according to year of birth.
resultsAmong 792 724 full siblings in the cohort, 44 322 (5.6%) were born before 37+0 weeks of gestation. After adjusting for multiple confounders (sex, birth weight, malformations, parental age at birth, parental educational level, and number of older siblings) and shared family factors between siblings, only children born at <34 gestational weeks showed reduced mean grades in written language (z score difference -0.10 (95% confidence interval -0.20 to -0.01) for ≤27 gestational weeks) and mathematics (-0.05 (-0.08 to -0.01) for 32-33 gestational weeks, -0.13 (-0.17 to -0.09) for 28-31 gestational weeks, and -0.23 (-0.32 to -0.15) for ≤27 gestational weeks), compared with children born at 40 gestational weeks. In a nested sub-cohort of full brothers with intelligence test scores, those born at 32-33, 28-31, and ≤27 gestational weeks showed a reduction in IQ points of 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.6), 3.8 (2.3 to 5.3), and 4.2 (0.8 to 7.5), respectively, whereas children born at 34-39 gestational weeks showed a reduction in intelligence of <1 IQ point, compared with children born at 40 gestational weeks.
conclusionsCognitive outcomes in adolescence did not differ between those born at 34-39 gestational weeks and those born at 40 gestational weeks, whereas those with a gestational age of <34 weeks showed substantial deficits in multiple cognitive domains.
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