ArticlePloS one2023
Metabolic and proteomic indications of diabetes progression in human aqueous humor.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced Aqueous Humor TGF-β2 Levels in Diabetic Cataract: A Comparative Analysis with NF-κB.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Metabolic alterations in diabetic patients: aqueous humor profiling for biomarker discovery.Amino acids · 2025Article
- Effects of Cholesterol Metabolism on Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Second-derivative UV spectral analysis of aqueous humor for eye disease diagnosis and assessing the effects of food additives on ocular health.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative study of intraocular pressure variation among healthy and diabetic individuals.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals the Role of Lipocalin-2 in the Pathological Changes of Lens and Retina in Diabetic Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Tandem Mass Tag LC-MS/MS of Aqueous Humor From Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Without Retinopathy Reveals Early Dysregulation of Synaptic Proteins.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Critical Factors in Sample Collection and Preparation for Clinical Metabolomics of Underexplored Biological Specimens.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Type II Diabetes Mellitus Causes Extracellular Matrix Alterations in the Posterior Cornea That Increase Graft Thickness and Rigidity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multiorgan systemic disease impacting numerous ocular structures that results in significant ocular morbidity and often results in more frequent corneal and glaucoma surgeries for affected individuals. We hypothesize that the systemic metabolic and proteomic derangement observed in the progression of diabetes influences the composition of the aqueous humor (AH), which ultimately impacts the anterior segment health of the eye. To identify changes associated with diabetes progression, we mapped the metabolite profile and proteome of AH samples from patients with varying severities of type II diabetes (T2DM). Patients were classified as nondiabetic (ND or control), non-insulin-dependent diabetic without advanced features of disease (NAD-ni), insulin-dependent diabetic without advanced features (NAD-i), or diabetic with advanced features (AD). AH samples collected from the anterior chamber during elective ophthalmic surgery were evaluated for metabolite and protein expression changes associated with diabetic severity via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Metabolic and proteomic pathway analyses were conducted utilizing MetaboAnalyst 4.0 and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. A total of 14 control, 12 NAD-ni, 4 NAD-I, and 14 AD samples were included for analysis. Elevated levels of several branched amino acids (e.g., valine, leucine, isoleucine), and lipid metabolites (e.g., palmitate) were found only with increasing diabetic severity (i.e., the AD group). Similar proteomic trends were noted in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism and the unfolded protein/stress response. These results represent the first report of both metabolomic and proteomic evaluation of aqueous humor. Diabetes results in metabolic and proteomic perturbations detectable in the AH, and unique changes become manifest as T2DM severity worsens. Changes in AH composition may serve as an indicator of disease severity, risk assessment of anterior segment cells and structures, and potential future therapies.
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