ArticlePathogens and global health2023
Nasopharyngeal epithelial cells from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 express abnormal levels of Toll-like receptors.
Article in Pathogens and global health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Expression and Activation in COVID-19 and Long COVID: From SARS-CoV-2 Escape Mechanisms to Emerging PRR-Targeted Immunotherapies.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- TLR2 Activation as a Marker of Severe COVID-19 and a Potential Therapeutic Target.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8 genes expression datasets in COVID-19 patients: Influences of the disease severity and gender.Data in brief · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the relationship between serum interleukin-1β levels and expression of inflammasome-related genes in patients with COVID-19.BMC immunology · 2023Article
- The prevalence and contributing risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 infection in patients with metabolic syndrome.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Article
- Self-DNA driven inflammation in COVID-19 and after mRNA-based vaccination: lessons for non-COVID-19 pathologies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the immune system has been attributed with etiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, the transcript levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs) were measured in the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells obtained from COVID-19 patients to assess the involvement of these molecules in the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were used to obtain epithelial cells from 120 COVID-19 patients and 100 healthy controls. COVID-19 cases were classified into those having clinical symptoms/needing for hospitalization, having clinical symptoms/not needing for hospitalization, and those without clinical symptoms. The mRNA expression levels of TLRs were measured in the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Overall, mRNA expression of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 was significantly higher in COVID-19 cases compared to controls. The mRNA expression of TLRs were all higher significantly in the samples from COVID-19 patients having clinical symptoms and needing hospitalization as well as in those with clinical symptoms/not needing for hospitalization in comparison to controls. TLR expression was significantly higher in those with clinical symptoms/needing for hospitalization and those with clinical symptoms/not needing for hospitalization compared to COVID-19 cases without clinical symptoms. In cases with clinical symptoms/needing for hospitalization and those with clinical symptoms/not needing for hospitalization, there was a correlation between TLR expression and clinicopathological findings. In conclusion, aberrant expression of TLRs in the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells from COVID-19 cases may predict the severity of the diseases and necessity for supportive cares in the hospital.
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