Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36649973›Full record

ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2023

Diabetes patient preferences for glucose-monitoring technologies: results from a discrete choice experiment in Poland and the Netherlands.

Ian P Smith, Chiara L Whichello, Jorien Veldwijk, Maureen P M H Rutten-van Mölken, C G M Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Rimke C Vos, Esther W de Bekker-Grob, G Ardine de Wit

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Important Continuous Glucose Monitoring Attributes for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025
    Article
  8. The practical operation and consequences of glucose measurement by pilots with diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ian P SmithHealthcare Innovation and Evaluation, University Medical Center Utrecht, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands i.p.smith@umcutrecht.nl.ORCID 0000-0002-1236-2872
Chiara L WhichelloEvidera, London, UK.
Jorien VeldwijkHealthcare Innovation and Evaluation, University Medical Center Utrecht, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Maureen P M H Rutten-van MölkenErasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
C G M Groothuis-OudshoornHealth Technology and Services Research (HTSR), Faculty of Behavioural Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Rimke C VosPublic Health and Primary Care/LUMC Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1074-6255
Esther W de Bekker-GrobErasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
G Ardine de WitHealthcare Innovation and Evaluation, University Medical Center Utrecht, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionNew glucose-monitoring technologies have different cost-benefit profiles compared with traditional finger-prick tests, resulting in a preference-sensitive situation for patients. This study aimed to assess the relative value adults with diabetes assign to device attributes in two countries. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsAdults with type 1 or 2 diabetes from the Netherlands (n=226) and Poland (n=261) completed an online discrete choice experiment. Respondents choose between hypothetical glucose monitors described using seven attributes: precision, effort to check, number of finger pricks required, risk of skin irritation, information provided, alarm function and out-of-pocket costs. Panel mixed logit models were used to determine attribute relative importance and to calculate expected uptake rates and willingness to pay (WTP).

resultsThe most important attribute for both countries was monthly out-of-pocket costs. Polish respondents were more likely than Dutch respondents to choose a glucose-monitoring device over a standard finger prick and had higher WTP for a device. Dutch respondents had higher WTP for device improvements in an effort to check and reduce the number of finger pricks a device requires.

conclusionCosts are the primary concern of patients in both countries when choosing a glucose monitor and would likely hamper real-world uptake. The costs-benefit profiles of such devices should be critically reviewed.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusPatient PreferenceAdultGlucoseHumansNetherlandsPolandGlucoseblood glucose self-monitoringeconomicspatient-centered care

Identifiers

PMID36649973
PMCPMC9853131

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.