Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36649404›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023

Population trends and the transition to agriculture: Global processes as seen from North America.

George R Milner, Jesper L Boldsen

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
11.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Ancient forests help document the long-term impacts of climate change.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Spatiotemporal distribution of the North American Indigenous population prior to European contact.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Modern archaeological research and the importance of information management.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  7. The long-term expansion and recession of human populations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. The past 12,000 years of behavior, adaptation, population, and evolution shaped who we are today.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

George R MilnerDepartment of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.ORCID 0000-0002-3330-0726
Jesper L BoldsenADBOU, University of Southern Denmark, DK5230 Odense M, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-2850-0934
Pennsylvania State University · USUniversity of Southern Denmark · DK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Agriculture-specifically an intensification of the production of readily stored food and its distribution-has supported an increase in the global human population throughout the Holocene. Today, with greatly accelerated of growth during recent centuries, we have reached about 8 billion people. Human skeletal and archaeobotanical remains clarify what occurred over several millennia of profound societal and population change in small-scale societies once distributed across the North American midcontinent. Stepwise, not gradual, changes in the move toward an agriculturally based life, as indicated by plant remains, left a demographic signal reflecting age-independent ([Formula: see text]) mortality as estimated from skeletons. Designated the age-independent component of the Siler model, it is tracked through the juvenility index (JI), which is increasingly being used in studies of archaeological skeletons. Usually interpreted as a fertility indicator, the JI is more responsive to age-independent mortality in societies that dominated most of human existence. In the midcontinent, the JI increased as people transitioned to a more intensive form of food production that prominently featured maize. Several centuries later, the JI declined, along with a reversion to a somewhat more diverse diet and a reduction in overall population size. Changes in age-independent mortality coincided with previously recognized increases in intergroup conflict, group movement, and pathogen exposure. Similar rises and falls in JI values have been reported for other parts of the world during the emergence of agricultural systems.

Indexed as

AgricultureFertilityDeveloping CountriesHumansNorth AmericaPopulation DensityPopulation DynamicsPopulation Growthage-independent mortalityagricultural transitioneastern North Americapaleodemography

Identifiers

PMID36649404
PMCPMC9942849
OpenAlexW4317037692

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.