SynthesisPloS one2023
Does usage of monetary incentive impact the involvement in surveys? A systematic review and meta-analysis of 46 randomized controlled trials.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of Financial Incentives on Electronic Health Record-Driven Recruitment of Underrepresented Communities in Research: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Data-Driven Implementation Strategy to Optimise Clinician Behaviour Change at Scale in Complex Clinical Environments: A Multicentre Emergency Care Study.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Trial
- Optimising patient engagement for assessing total joint arthroplasty outcomes - a randomised controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Trial
- Strategies to Increase Response Rate and Reduce Nonresponse Bias in Population Health Research: Analysis of a Series of Randomized Controlled Experiments during a Large COVID-19 Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Trial
- Successful and sustained implementation of a behaviour-change informed strategy for emergency nurses: a multicentre implementation evaluation.Implementation science : IS · 2024Trial
- Physical health and neurodevelopmental outcome in 7-year-old children whose mothers were at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Trial
- Barriers and facilitators to cell saver use in damage control surgery.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Assessing Physicians' Knowledge, Attitudes, Intentions, Abilities, and Behaviour Toward Physical Activity and Exercise in Non-Communicable Diseases: Questionnaire Development Using an e-Delphi and Cross-Sectional Design.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Preferred conditions for promoting participation in on-site oral health surveys among Japanese adults: insights from a conjoint analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- The Impact of Financial Incentives on Completion of a No Money No Time 6-Week Culinary Nutrition eHealth Challenge.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Article
- Financial incentives and long-acting injectable antipsychotics engagement: community mental health professionals' perspectives.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Assessing the socio-economic burden of inherited and inflammatory neuromuscular diseases (BIND study): a study protocol.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Article
- Results from a randomized controlled pilot trial of a home-visiting intervention to reduce child maltreatment.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2025Article
- Participation Rates in 11 National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Surveys 2014-2022.Evaluation & the health professions · 2025Article
- Survey of antimicrobial prescribing practices across western Canadian beef cow-calf veterinarians.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2025Article
- Status and influencing factors of OTC medicine use for self-medication in cold and cough: a cross-sectional survey in Japan.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Challenging the Continued Usefulness of Social Media Recruitment for Surveys of Hidden Populations of People Who Use Opioids.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSurveys are an effective method for collecting a large quantity of data. However, incomplete responses to these surveys can affect the validity of the studies and introduce bias. Recent studies have suggested that monetary incentives may increase survey response rates. We intended to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of monetary incentives on survey participation.
methodsA systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to collect studies assessing the impact of monetary incentives on survey participation. The primary outcome of interest was the response rates to incentives: money, lottery, and voucher. We used the Cochrane Collaboration tool to assess the risk of bias in randomized trials. We calculated the rate ratio (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using Review Manager Software (version 5.3). We used random-effects analysis and considered the data statistically significant with a P-value <0.05.
resultsForty-six RCTs were included. A total of 109,648 participants from 14 countries were involved. The mean age of participants ranged from 15 to more than 60 years, with 27.5% being males, 16.7% being females, and the other 55.8% not reported. Our analysis showed a significant increase in response rate in the incentive group compared to the control group, irrespective of the incentive methods. Money was the most efficient way to increase the response rate (RR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.16,1.35; P = < 0.00001) compared to voucher (RR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08,1.31; P = < 0.0005) and lottery (RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03,1.22; P = < 0.009).
conclusionMonetary incentives encourage the response rate in surveys. Money was more effective than vouchers or lotteries. Therefore, researchers may include money as an incentive to improve the response rate while conducting surveys.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.